Abstract
This study aims to assess the effective capacity of Panicum maximum to accumulate cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb). P. maximum observed in a greenhouse was subjected to 2 ppm of Cd, 50 ppm of Ni, 100 ppm of Pb contaminated soil and uncontaminated soil, for 120 days. Plant growth and biomass produced concentration of trace metals in soil and plant, bioaccumulation and transfer factors, location of potentially toxic elements in tissues and cells of plant have been determined. Stem length and biomass produced by P. maximum were higher on the uncontaminated soil followed respectively by those of soil-contaminated by Pb, Cd and Ni. Bioaccumulation factors of trace metals were 8.93 (Pb), 8.47 (Ni) and 3.37 (Cd). Ni was more accumulated in shoot biomass (FT > 1), while Pb and Cd were concentrated in root biomass (FT 1). Pb is accumulated preferentially in endodermis (roots) and epidermis (leaves). As for Ni and Cd, they are concentrated in central cylinder of roots and in conductive bundles of leaves. At cellular level, Ni and Cd are mainly concentrated in intracellular compartments of leaves and roots, while Pb is strongly detected at cell walls.
Highlights
Anthropogenic activities are the major source of many pollutants disseminated in the environment
Ni was more accumulated in shoot biomass (FT > 1), while Pb and Cd were concentrated in root biomass (FT < 1)
The present study aims to determine the capacity of P. maximum to accumulate trace metals (Pb, Cd, Ni) on natural soil
Summary
Anthropogenic activities are the major source of many pollutants disseminated in the environment. Trace metals are among these priority risk pollutants because they are potentially very toxic and non-degradable elements They stay in the environment for a long time [1]. Research is increasingly directed towards biological processes exploiting the properties of living organisms (microorganisms or plants) to carry out the clean-up operation Despite their potential toxicity, most sites contaminated by trace metals often have a diverse flora that tolerates more or less high levels of metals. Seen the interactions that could occur in natural soil, it has proven to be a good idea to replicate the work on natural soil It involves evaluating the effect of the trace metals studied on the growth of plants and soil microorganisms, determining the potential for extraction of these trace metals by P. maximum and understanding their accumulation mechanisms
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