Abstract
An experimentation has been carried out in simulated Mediterranean and tropical laboratory conditions aimed to show the Moso bamboo capability of phytoextraction chromium from contaminated soil. Electronic microscopy supported the analyses performed on soil and on the different plant tissues. A preliminary test on the bamboo has been carried out in laboratory evaluating his growth with irrigation in Mediterranean conditions (600 mm/year) and tropical conditions (1.800 mm/year). A test of the bamboo tolerance of was also carried out by measuring his growth with irrigation with a solution of 100 mg Cr/l, reporting not significant damages to the plant tissues. Subsequently chromium phytoextraction was tested highlighting that bamboo removes Cr from soil with a percentage ranging from 43% (600 mm/year) to 47.4% (1.800 mm/year) of the total content in soil. Lastly, the distribution of chromium in the different fragments of the bamboo plants has been performed. It has been shown that approx. 69% of chromium, in Mediterranean conditions, was in the rhizomes and approx. 68% in tropical conditions. A slightly higher tendency to chromium translocation to leaves has been shown in tropical conditions than in Mediterranean conditions.
Highlights
Phytoremediation can be applied both in the presence of inorganic contaminants, such as heavy metals, through extraction or stabilization processes, and in the presence of organic contaminants, through degradation or extraction processes (Gardea-Torresdey et al 2004; Anderson et al 2005; Karimi et al 2009; Ranieri et al 2013; Petrella et al 2016; Ranieri et al 2020)
Phytoextraction, which can be defined as the use of plants to remove non-degradable contaminants from the soil, is considered a green technology that can be applied to some heavy metals (McGrath et al 2006; Reeves and Baker 2009; Tangahu et al 2011; Petrella et al 2012; Gikas and Ranieri 2014; AlBataina et al 2016; Petrella et al 2016a, b; Petrella et al 2018)
A scanning electronic microscope (SEM), Sigma 300 VP, at high resolution was used for having support on which sections of Moso bamboo plant were higher the chromium concentration by detecting small lumps adhered to soil particles or tissues forming a heterogenous agglomerate (Figs. 3, 4)
Summary
Phytoremediation can be applied both in the presence of inorganic contaminants, such as heavy metals, through extraction or stabilization processes, and in the presence of organic contaminants, through degradation or extraction processes (Gardea-Torresdey et al 2004; Anderson et al 2005; Karimi et al 2009; Ranieri et al 2013; Petrella et al 2016; Ranieri et al 2020). Phytoextraction, which can be defined as the use of plants to remove non-degradable contaminants from the soil, is considered a green technology that can be applied to some heavy metals (McGrath et al 2006; Reeves and Baker 2009; Tangahu et al 2011; Petrella et al 2012; Gikas and Ranieri 2014; AlBataina et al 2016; Petrella et al 2016a, b; Petrella et al 2018) This remediation is applied in situ, and it does not require any excavation, transport, and disposal of soil; its main aim is to maintain, restore, or even improve the physical-chemical properties of the soil. Accumulation zones of the chromium in the plant were identified and it was reported a mass balance
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