Phytoecological study of a Biosphere Reserve in arid climate in Tunisia

Abstract

Anthropic effects and global change threaten biodiversity and genetic resources. Thus, their conservation becomes a primary necessity. This work aims to assess the conservation conditions for vegetation and causes that limit the progressive dynamics of the vegetation cover after a long period of defense. Using the quadrat point method, his work was conducted in two fenced zones and an unfenced zone of the Biosphere Reserve of BouHedma in a Tunisian arid climate. A total of 66 transects were investigated. In each transect species richness and, α and β indices were determined. The α and β diversity showed a low similarity in family and species composition in the studied zones. The Poaceae and Asteraceae families were the most representative in the studied zones and the most used for grazing. These results highlight that long-term conservation contributes to minimizing the reduction of biodiversity in the reserve. It is necessary to minimize razing and deforestation, especially in the unfenced zone. Thus, the setup of barriers and fences is highly recommended to retain the soil. In addition, finding an effective communication plan with the local population and visitors seems to be crucial.