Phytoconstituents of an ethanolic pod extract of Prosopis cineraria triggers the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and the regression of atherosclerotic plaque in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

Heera Ram,Rashmi Tripathi,Noopur Jaipal,Bhim Pratap Singh,Priya Kashyap,Abeer Hashem,Jaykaran Charan,Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah,Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah,Suresh Kumar,Baby Tabassum

doi:10.1186/s12944-020-1188-z

Abstract

BackgroundThe HMG-CoA reductase is key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis which potentially contributes in management of hypercholesterolemia. The present study was designed to assess the inhibitory effect of phytoconstituents of an ethanolic extract of Prosopis cineraria pods on HMG – CoA reductase and regression potential of atherosclerotic plaque.MethodsHealthy, adult male, albino rabbits in which hypercholesterolemia was induced by supplying the high fat diet and a supplement of cholesterol powder with coconut oil (500 mg/5 ml/Day/kg body weight) for 15 days, were used as a disease model. Phytochemical analysis of an ethanolic extract Prosopis cineraria pods was conducted using LCMS, GCMS and FTIR analysis. Further, in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico assessments were performed.ResultsThe in-vitro assessment of HMG -CoA reductase activity indicated a 67.1 and 97.3% inhibition by the extract and a standard drug (Pravastatin), respectively. Additionally, an in-silico evaluation was made using appropriate docking software and results also indicated as significant interactions of the identified compounds with the target enzyme. Treatment of rabbits with the ethanolic extract of P. cineraria pod resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.001) reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and triglyceride. Accordingly, reductions were occurred in atherosclerotic plaque, intima and media of aortal wall along with lumen volume of the aorta significantly increased (P ≤ 0.001).ConclusionIt can be illustrating that the ethanolic extract of Prosopis cineraria pod contains potent bioactive phytocompounds might be inhibit HMG – CoA reductase and have regression potential of atherosclerotic plaque.

Highlights

Appropriate diets and dietary supplements have the potential for use in the management of various metabolic syndromes and their complications [1]
In-vitro HMG-CoA reductase inhibition assay The different concentrations of plant extract and the standard inhibitor exhibited a 67.1 and 97.5% level of inhibition of HMG-CoA activity, respectively, as indicated by the product rate per minute, were calculated using the described formula (Figs. 1a and b)
LC-Quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry (MS), gas chromatograph interfaced with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy phytochemical analysis Using data from the literature and METLIN software, the masses of the constituents were identified based on the monoisotopic mass of the alleged compounds as M and M + H ion using QTOF mass hunter software

Summary

Introduction

Appropriate diets and dietary supplements have the potential for use in the management of various metabolic syndromes and their complications [1]. The fast food and/or junk food associated with many developed countries are having a drastic impact on the health of youth, as well as many adults with insufficient exercise. These types of food are typically rich in (2020) 19:6 to play an important role in chronic inflammatory responses and atherosclerosis. The long term use of statins, have been shown to be associated with undesirable side effects [6] For this reason, there is increased interest to identify alternatives to the use of statins that are reliable, effective, and have no or a low-level of adverse effects. The HMG-CoA reductase is key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis which potentially contributes in management of hypercholesterolemia. The present study was designed to assess the inhibitory effect of phytoconstituents of an ethanolic extract of Prosopis cineraria pods on HMG – CoA reductase and regression potential of atherosclerotic plaque

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion