Abstract
Increased resistance of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp. (ESKAPE) pathogens against various drugs has enhanced the urge for the development of alternate therapeutics. Quorum sensing (QS) is a density dependent cell-to-cell communication mechanism responsible for controlling pathogenicity with the regulation of gene expression. Thus, QS is considered a potential target for the development of newer anti-biofilm agents that do not depend on the utilization of antibiotics. Compounds with anti-QS effects are known as QS inhibitors (QSIs), and they can inhibit the QS mechanism that forms the major form in the development of bacterial pathogenesis. A diverse array of natural compounds provides a plethora of anti-QS effects. Over recent years, these natural compounds have gained importance as new strategies for combating the ESKAPE pathogens and inhibiting the genes involved in QS. Different pharmacognostical and pharmacological studies have been carried out so far for identification of novel drugs or for the discovery of their unique structures that may help in developing more effective anti-biofilm therapies. The main objective of this review is to discuss the various natural compounds, so far identified and their employed mechanisms in hindering the genes responsible for QS leading to bacterial pathogenesis.
Highlights
This article is an open access articleOver the years various, selective pressures on pathogenic bacteria have resulted in the employment of different ways to adapt various types of environmental nooks
To find out some suitable alternative therapeutic measures, a thorough insight is required to discuss the anti-biofilm activities of the phytocompounds, their strategies to disrupt quorum sensing ability to address the nosocomial disease-causing deadly organisms, which may be effectively used to combat and cure chronic biofilm-related infections and there lies the rationale of the present review, whereby we intend to focus on the mechanisms by which various natural compounds can inhibit Quorum sensing (QS), thereby regulating biofilm formation and their effectiveness against ESKAPE
A. baumannii, K. pneumonia, and P. aeruginosa are resistant to carbapenem, and members of Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus are partially resistant to vancomycin and fully resistant to methicillin and they are called methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
Summary
Selective pressures on pathogenic bacteria have resulted in the employment of different ways to adapt various types of environmental nooks. Many of the abovementioned herbal sources with antimicrobial activities do not show anti-biofilm efficacies, precisely targeting QS signals, bioactive compounds obtained from plants such as Taraxacum, Tussilago and Scutellera have been reported to show an anti-QS effect against biofilm formation in ESKAPE microbes [22] These QS inhibiting phytocompounds either disrupt the pathways or inhibit the genes responsible for QS in biofilm forming bacteria including the ESKAPE. To find out some suitable alternative therapeutic measures, a thorough insight is required to discuss the anti-biofilm activities of the phytocompounds, their strategies to disrupt quorum sensing ability to address the nosocomial disease-causing deadly organisms, which may be effectively used to combat and cure chronic biofilm-related infections and there lies the rationale of the present review, whereby we intend to focus on the mechanisms by which various natural compounds can inhibit QS, thereby regulating biofilm formation and their effectiveness against ESKAPE bacteria. A number of papers are available on phytocompounds with anti-biofilm efficacy, bibliometric analysis indicates the necessity of a systematic analysis of their respective effectivity against multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria such as ESKAPE pathogen
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
