Abstract
Picrasma quassioides is a member of the Simaroubaceae family commonly grown in the regions of Asia, the Himalayas, and India and has been used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat various illnesses such as fever, gastric discomfort, and pediculosis. This study aims to critically review the presence of phytochemicals in P. quassioides and correlate their pharmacological activities with the significance of its use as traditional medicine. Data were collected by reviewing numerous scientific articles from several journal databases on the pharmacological activities of P. quassioides using certain keywords. As a result, approximately 94 phytochemicals extracted from P. quassioides were found to be associated with quassinoids, β-carbolines and canthinones. These molecules exhibited various pharmacological benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-parasitic activities which help to treat different diseases. However, P. quassioides were also found to have several toxicity effects in high doses, although the evidence regarding these effects is limited in proving its safe use and efficacy as herbal medicine. Accordingly, while it can be concluded that P. quassioides may have many potential pharmacological benefits with more phytochemistry discoveries, further research is required to determine its real value in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy of use.
Highlights
IntroductionP. quassioides plants have been exploited as traditional medicine, with the stem and wood bark of these plants in particular used to treat various kinds of illnesses such as fever, malaria [2,3,4], gastritis [5,6], pediculosis [7], etc
Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Bennett, is a small tree or shrub, commonly referred to as “nigaki”bitterwood, that belongs to the Simaroubaceae family that houses well-known genera such as Simarouba, Quassia and 30 other members [1].Historically, P. quassioides plants have been exploited as traditional medicine, with the stem and wood bark of these plants in particular used to treat various kinds of illnesses such as fever, malaria [2,3,4], gastritis [5,6], pediculosis [7], etc
The crude extracts contain various beneficial phytochemicals, including alkaloids and polyphenols, which are responsible for a variety of pharmacological activities ranging from anti-inflammatory to anti-parasitic activities, as observed in recent scientific discoveries
Summary
P. quassioides plants have been exploited as traditional medicine, with the stem and wood bark of these plants in particular used to treat various kinds of illnesses such as fever, malaria [2,3,4], gastritis [5,6], pediculosis [7], etc. The crude extracts contain various beneficial phytochemicals, including alkaloids and polyphenols, which are responsible for a variety of pharmacological activities ranging from anti-inflammatory to anti-parasitic activities, as observed in recent scientific discoveries. This review aims to analyse and correlate the phytochemicals contained in this discoveries. Thispharmacological review aims to analyse andregard correlate thesignificance phytochemicals contained medicine. This review covers the details related to this plant such as taxonomy, botanical description, geographical plant along with their pharmacological effects in regard to its significance as traditional medicine
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