Abstract
The use of chemical defensives to control fungal diseases has by consequence to impact negatively over the environment and human health, this way, the use of plant extracts with antifungal properties along with proper cultural management makes viable an alternative plant production control, specially for familiar and organic cultures. The objective of this study was to perform phytochemical and antioxidant analysis of Byrsonima crassifolia (canjiqueira) barks and evaluate its antifungal potential over Fusarium solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth. The ethanol extract from plants collected in Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil was submitted to phytochemical prospection, total phenol and flavonoids quantification and antioxidant activiy determination (DPPH). To evaluate antifungal activity concentrations of 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 and 2400 µg 100 mL-1 of ethanol extract were used. Which concentration was separately incorporated in agar (PDA) and shed in Petri dishes, followed by the fungi mycelial disc where the colonies diameter was measured daily. Negatives control with agar without extract and agar with an ethanol solution were used. The B. crassifolia ethanol extract presented inhibitory activity over the fungi studied where concentrations of 800 and 1600 µg 100 mL-1, inhibited 38% of the mycelial growth of F. solani; to S. sclerotiorum the best concentration was 2400 µg 100 mL1, reducing 37.5%. The antifungal bark extract potential of this specie is attributed to phenolic compounds and to triterpenes derivatives.
Highlights
Phytopathogenic fungi affect different crops, being responsible for economic losses in agricultural production
Phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extracts from B. crassifolia indicated the presence of phenolic compounds (+++), tannins (+++), flavonoids (+++), anthraquinones (++), triterpenes (+++), cardiotonic glycosides (+++) and reducing sugars (++) (Figure 1)
The results were confirmed by means of spectrophotometers ethanol extract from the B. crassifolia barks in 100 mL analysis at the UV-visible region, were the maximum of ethanol (99.5%)
Summary
Phytopathogenic fungi affect different crops, being responsible for economic losses in agricultural production Among these disease-causing organisms highlights the ones that are found in soil, considered a difficult control problem, since they produce resistance structures and can survive for several years, such as Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) from Bary (Bueno et al, 2007). Celoto et al (2008) pointed that vegetal extracts have antifungal potential and may be used as a model to synthesise new fungicides or be directly applied by the producer This way, the use of vegetal extracts to control or inhibit phytopathogens represents a viable alternative for organic and family farmers, once the measures used by great farmers to control those agents, using massive quantities of chemicals, do not match small producers reality (Silva et al, 2009) Utilizing natural products to control plant diseases is becoming a promising alternative to reduce using agrotoxics (Zacaroni et al, 2009). Celoto et al (2008) pointed that vegetal extracts have antifungal potential and may be used as a model to synthesise new fungicides or be directly applied by the producer.
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