Abstract
AbstractTo investigate the phytochemical composition, acute and sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of B. dioica roots. The phytochemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of B.dioica roots was assessed in mice with single doses ranging from 250 to 1000 mg/kg for 14 days. The sub-acute toxicity was carried out with repeated doses ranging from 64.5 to 250 mg/kg for 28 days. Histopathological changes and markers of renal and liver function were investigated. The results of GC-MS analysis showed the presence of interesting phytoconstituents. The clinical symptoms and mortalities that occurred in treated mice were more remarkable due to the increasing sample concentration of the studied extract. However, no mortalities, or histopathological, or biochemical disturbances were observed even at the maximal dose administered (250 mg/kg). The outcome of the present work suggests that the treatment of animals with single doses of B. dioica roots extract higher than 250 mg/kg produces significant toxicities, however, treatment with repeated doses up to 250 mg/kg for 28 days seems to be safe for animals.
Highlights
To investigate the phytochemical composition, acute and sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of B. dioica roots
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the extract of B. dioica roots was performed using a Claus 580 Gas chromatograph conducted under to the following acquisition parameters: Oven: Initial temp 50°C for 2 minutes, ramp 11°C/min to 200°C, hold 0 minutes, ramp 6°C/min to 240°C, hold 1 minute, Inj Bauto=0°C,Volume=0 μL, Split=10:1, Carrier Gas=He, Solvent Delay=4.00 min, Transfer Temp=280°C, Source Temp=250°C, Scan: 40 to 450Da, Column 30.0m x 250 μm Control group - treated with vehicle Group A - B. dioica roots (62.5 mg/kg/day) Group B - B. dioica roots (125 mg/kg/day) Group C - B. dioica roots (250 mg/kg/day)
The results of the clinical biochemistry parameters assessed in this work, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Urea and Creatinine are summarised in Figure 3 It can be seen that there were no significant changes observed in groups treated with doses up to the maximum of 250 mg/kg compared to the control group (p>0.05)
Summary
Abstract: To investigate the phytochemical composition, acute and sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of B. dioica roots. The acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of B.dioica roots was assessed in mice with single doses ranging from 250 to 1000 mg/kg for 14 days. The safety of medicinal herbs has become a major source of challenge in using natural preparation [7] For this reason, it is very important to validate the safety of herbal medicines before their use and scientific data collected from the toxicological screening of medicinal plants could be used to build confidence for human uses [8]. In order to ensure the safety control of plants or their derivatives, systematic studies starting with the toxicological profile are required to conjecture risks of toxicity, and providing scientific data for selecting doses that could be safe for humans [10]. The current work was conducted in vivo for screening a potential risk of B. dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
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