Abstract
Thymus broussonetii Boiss (T. broussonetii) is a rare medicinal and aromatic plant. It is widely used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases, including diarrhea, fever, cough, irritation, skin diseases, rheumatism, respiratory ailments, influenza, and digestion problems. In this review, we have critically summarized previous data on T. broussonetii about its phytochemistry, botanical and geographical distribution, toxicological investigation, and pharmacological properties. Using scientific research databases such as Wiley Online, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Scopus Wiley Online, and Google Scholar, the data on T. broussonetii were collected and discussed. The presented data regrouped bioactive compounds and biological activities of T. broussonetii. The findings of this work showed that essential oils and extracts of T. broussonetii exhibited numerous pharmacological activities (in vitro and in vivo), particularly antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antipyretic, antinociceptive, and immunological and behavioral effects. While toxicological studies of T. broussonetii essential oils and extracts are lacking, modern scientific tools revealed the presence of different classes of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, quinones, carotenoids, and steroids. T. broussonetii essential oils, especially from the aerial parts, exhibited potent antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant effects. An in-depth toxicological investigation is needed to validate the efficacy and safety of T. broussonetii extracts and essential oils and their secondary metabolites. However, further pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies should be performed to validate its bioavailability.
Highlights
Introduction ymus broussonetiiBoiss belongs to the Lamiaceae family and the genus of ymus
Due to the intensification of research on the pharmacological effects of T. broussonetii and its compounds in recent years, we have reviewed all studies on this plant; botanical description, geographical distribution, chemical composition, all pharmacological effects, and the prospects of T. broussonetii
Botanical Description and Geographical Distribution. ymus broussonetii is an evergreen plant that grows to a height of around 5 centimeters
Summary
Boiss ( ymus broussonetii) belongs to the Lamiaceae family and the genus of ymus It is a small shrub of 40 cm in height and is endemic to Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia [1]. T. broussonetii is distributed on the Atlantic coast between 20 and 400 m altitude and is mainly located in arid and semiarid bioclimatic zones [4] It is among the plants most used in Moroccan folk medicine against various illnesses such as urinary, nervous, genital, circulatory, skin, digestive, and respiratory diseases [2, 3]. Ethnobotanical surveys are the first step to identify the plant uses for each disorder. It provides information on the part used, the method of preparation, etc. The lack of plant information given by researchers in many surveys was repeatedly noticed. is is the case of several researchers who reported the use of T. broussonetii in folk medicine without mentioning the part used, the method of preparation, or/and the traditional use [9, 10]
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