Phytochemicals in Chinese Chive (Allium tuberosum) Induce the Skeletal Muscle Cell Proliferation via PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Smad Pathways in C2C12 Cells.

Mira Oh,Seonju Park,Kil-Nam Kim,Seung Hyun Kim,Seo-Young Kim

doi:10.3390/ijms22052296

Mira Oh, Seonju Park + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052296

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Abstract

Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum) is a medicinal food that is cultivated and consumed mainly in Asian countries. Its various phytochemicals and physiological effects have been reported, but only a few phytochemicals are available for skeletal muscle cell proliferation. Herein, we isolated a new compound, kaempferol-3-O-(6″-feruloyl)-sophoroside (1), along with one known flavonoid glycoside (2) and six amino acid (3–8) compounds from the water-soluble fraction of the shoot of the Chinese chive. The isolated compounds were identified using extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, and evaluated for their proliferation activity on skeletal muscle cells. Among the tested compounds, newly isolated flavonoid (1) and 5-aminouridine (7) up-regulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, which implies a positive effect on skeletal muscle growth and differentiation. In particular, compound 1 down-regulated the Smad pathways, which are negative regulators of skeletal muscle growth. Collectively, we suggest that major constituents of Chinese chive, flavonoids and amino acids, might be used in dietary supplements that aid skeletal muscle growth.

Highlights

There is an age-related loss in skeletal muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia [1]
Despite these diverse physiological activities, there are no reports about skeletal muscle cell proliferation activity of Chinese chive
Based on the present studies, we suggest that two active compounds obtained from Chinese chive affect myogenic differentiation via phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in C2C12 cells

Summary

Introduction

There is an age-related loss in skeletal muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia [1]. Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum, Liliaceae) is a hardy perennial plant, which has edible thin leaves. It is mainly cultivated and consumed in east and southeast Asia as food and as medicine. The report about cytotoxic activity indicated that thiosulfinates from Chinese chive inhibited cell proliferation in HepG2 via apoptosis [6]. Despite these diverse physiological activities, there are no reports about skeletal muscle cell proliferation activity of Chinese chive

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