Phytochemicals and volatile compounds of peanut red skin extract: simultaneous coloration and in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles for multifunctional viscose fibers

Abstract

The development of high-performance fabrics/fibers using green chemistry is a formidable challenge. Natural plant extracts are attracting increasing interest for use in the production of sustainable textile surfaces with a wide range of functional properties and environmental benefits. Peanut red skin, as a byproduct of the peanut industry, is abundant, inexpensive, and readily available. Peanut red skin is a rich source of bioactive compounds but has a low economic value. The current study presents a new sustainable and ecofriendly approach to imparting textiles with multifunctional properties using the extract of peanut red skin. This approach included two steps. The first step was aimed to evaluate the effect of different solvents such as water, ethanol, and hexane on the phytochemical and volatile compounds extracted from peanut red skin using microwave heating to select the best solvent for extraction of bioactive compounds from peanut red skin. The second step was focused on the feasibility of dyeing viscose fibers or simultaneously dyeing and incorporating silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) onto viscose fibers using the aqueous extract of peanut red skin. HS–GC–MS analysis showed a substantial variation in the concentrations of the components depending on the extraction solvent. The aqueous extract had the highest total yield (7.9%), total phenolic content (76.4 ± 1.07 mg/100 mL), total flavonoid content (31.6 ± 1.12 mg/100 mL), and antioxidant activity (88 ± 2.15%). Analysis of the aqueous extract using high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the existence of 21 natural compounds, including 14 phenolic compounds and 7 flavonoid compounds. Subsequently, viscose fibers simultaneously dyed and incorporation with Ag NPs through an in situ green synthesis showed excellent antimicrobial activities against different microorganisms and high antioxidant activity, as well as good UV protection.