Abstract
Murta and calafate have been traditionally used by indigenous and rural peoples of Chile. Research on murta and calafate has gained interest due to their attractive sensory properties as well as a global trend in finding new fruits with potential health benefits. The objective of this review was to summarize the potential use of murta and calafate as sources of nutraceuticals regarding both the traditional and the up-to-date scientific knowledge. A search of historical documents recorded in the Digital National Library as well as scientific articles in the Web of Science database were performed using combinations of keywords with the botanical nomenclature. Peer-reviewed scientific articles did meet the inclusion criteria (n = 38) were classified in phytochemicals (21 papers) and biological activity (17 papers). Murta and calafate are high oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)-value fruits and promising sources of natural antioxidants, antimicrobial, and vasodilator compounds with nutraceutical potential. The bioactivity of anthocyanin metabolites in murta and calafate must continue to be studied in order to achieve adequate information on the biological activity and health-promoting effects derived for the consumption of murta and calafate fruit.
Highlights
Indigenous peoples of Chile have had a deep relationship with nature; flora native to their territories has been used for various purposes, such as food, fuel, religious ceremonies, decoration, dyeing, and medicine [1]
Consistent with the results of phenolic compound content, the antioxidant capacity (AC) of the wild murta genotype was lower than the selected murta (14-4). Genotype for both DPPH (76.5 and 134.4 mu moL TEAC/g) and ABTS (157.0 and 294.0 mu moL TEAC/g) tests [40]. These results show that phenolic content and AC in murta fruits did not decrease as a result of the domestication process
Goity et al [70] and Arancibia-Radich et al [71] indicated that the differences in the anti-inflammatory activity of murta leaf is associated to the different quantitative composition of phenolic compounds and triterpenoids
Summary
Indigenous peoples of Chile have had a deep relationship with nature; flora native to their territories has been used for various purposes, such as food, fuel, religious ceremonies, decoration, dyeing, and medicine [1]. To the Palena River (44◦ SL) (Figure 1), forming part of the deciduous forests of Nothofagus as well as the southern evergreen forests [5] In these habitats, murta grows alongside other edible Chilean fruit plants. Both murta and calafate fruits can be sources of anthocyanins with nutraceutical summers (a high-temperature oscillation) may favor the plant biosynthesis of anthocyanins [9]. This review summarizes the Nutraceuticals as foods or part of foods that provide both health benefits to reduce the risk of chronic potential use of murta and calafate as sources of nutraceuticals regarding both the traditional and the diseases and basic nutrition. 2030 agenda forpromise sustainable development goals of the United Nations with its promise to “leave no one behind”
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