Abstract
Two underutilized indigenous fruits of Borneo, Liposu (Baccaurea lanceolata) and Tampoi (Baccaurea macrocarpa) were investigated for their total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), anthocyanin (TAC) and carotenoid (TCC) contents as well as antioxidant properties in vitro. The fruits were separated into three different parts (i.e., pericarp, flesh and seed) and extracted using 80% methanol. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging, ABTS decolorization and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) assays. The results showed that B. macrocarpa pericarp contained the highest amount of total phenolics, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and total carotenoid with the values of 60.04 ± 0.53 mg GAE/g, 44.68 ± 0.67 mg CE/g, 1.23 ± 0.20 mg c-3-gE/100 g and 0.81 ± 0.14 mg BCE/g. Results from DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays also showed that the pericarp of B. macrocarpa displayed the highest antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant activity of the extract was significantly correlated with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, but not with the carotenoid contents. In conclusion, B. macrocarpa displayed high potential as natural source of phytochemicals with antioxidant properties.
Highlights
Exogenous antioxidants are essential in the human body due to depletion of natural antioxidants [1].They prevent or delay oxidation when exposed to free radicals and reactive oxygen species which are generated continuously inside the human body [2]
Previous studies have reported that high consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables may have protective effects against a wide range of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress in the body [6]
The total flavonoid content of the extracts was expressed as mg catechin equivalents in 1 g of sample
Summary
Exogenous antioxidants are essential in the human body due to depletion of natural antioxidants [1]. Previous studies have reported that high consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables may have protective effects against a wide range of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress in the body [6] This is mainly due to the presence of antioxidants constituents and bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, carotenoid, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanidins that are able to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation [7,8,9]. B. lanceolata fruits are green to purple when young, and turn into yellow to orange when ripe Both species are dioecious, having the male and female reproductive organs borne on separate individuals of the same species, and can be propagate by seed. The present study was conducted to investigate the potential of B. lanceolata and B. macrocarpa fruits as a new source of natural bioactive phytochemicals and nutraceutical
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