Phytochemical Screening of Leaves from Mangifera indica and Morus alba for Bioactive Compounds

Abstract

The aqueous, methanol and DMSO extracts from leaves of Mangifera indica and Morus alba were screened for bioactive compounds. Antimicrobial activity and MIC (mg/ml) were determined using agar-well diffusion and serial dilution methods respectively against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Antioxidant activities (%) were determined against DPPH free radicals, superoxide anion and Fe+2 whereas antiurease activity (%) was by indophenol method. The time taken to set paralysis and death of Pheritima posthuma was observed after released into extract. Phytochemical analysis detected carbohydrates, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, resins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and phlobatannins. All extracts more or less showed the activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria producing zone of inhibition 15±0.57 to 43.66±0.66 mm and MIC values 13±1.64 to 100±0.35 mg/ml. Similarly, for fungi, zone of inhibition and MIC values were 9±0.57 to 34±0.57 mm and 23±1.25 115±0.55 g/ml respectively. Activities against DPPH, superoxide anion and Fe+2 free radicals were found 13.68±0.74 to 93.70±0.76 %, 50.23±0.43 to 95.7±0.21 % and 52.76±0.23 to 98.82±0.42% respectively, of these, the maximum activities surpassed the n-propyl gallate (91.31 %) and EDTA (98.05 %). Similarly, urease was also inhibited (33 to 95.23%) by all extracts. All extracts were also caused paralysis followed by subsequent death (13.5/26.87 to 39/60.06 min) of P. posthuma, of these methanolic extract from M. indica was least than that by albendazole (30.45/52 min) and piperazine citrate (14.35/36 min). The results provide scientific basis for traditional use of these extracts as affordable strategies for treatments of infectious, inflammatory and degenerative diseases, caused by bacteria, fungi, free radicals, urease and helminths.