Phytochemical screening of Datura using GC-MS in Shivalik and mid- Himalayan regions of Himachal Pradesh

Abstract

Datura stramonium is a poisonous plant species reported in almost every corner of India which belongs to the family Solanaceae with a well-known history of ethno medicinal applications. The present study has attempted phytochemical screening of Datura in Himachal Pradesh based on altitude differences. In the present study, methanol extracts of D. stramonium were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify the important phytochemical constituents. In the present investigation, we have also attempted to provide proof of differences in the concentrations of phytochemicals within the same species as stated in previous literature. In the study, Datura stramonium was taken into consideration as an important toxic plant encountered in poisoning and abuse cases in Himachal Pradesh. Datura specimens were collected from selective regions of Himachal and were grouped according to altitude. The samples were carefully dried and subjected to microscopic examination and phytochemical screening. The GC–MS analysis of methanol extracts from seeds detected the presence of 15 phytochemical compounds. The GC-MS reports revealed variability in alkaloid concentrations with altitude. The area percentage occupied by the alkaloid peak was considered an indication of concentration. Scopolamine peak area percentage was between 21.46-27.06 in the mid – Himalayan region, while in the Shivalik region it was between 9.86-16.10. The samples from lower altitude regions had a lower content of Scopolamine in comparison to that of the higher altitude. This data can help in better forensic profiling of Datura. This may prove helpful in studying the origin of forensic evidence obtained at the scene of the crime.