Phytochemical Screening, Identification of Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity Test of Sirsak Extract (Annona muricata, L.) Leaf Grown in North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract

The research is to identify and analyze the secondary metabolite content of sirsak (Annona muricata, L.) leaves, which are extracted with ethanol and water solvents, and determine their potential activity as antioxidants. Extraction using ethanol (Merck) and water as solvent; phytochemical screening uses standard reagents: FeCl3 5% in water, FeCl3 1%, Dragendrof, Mayer, Wagner, Mg ribbon, HCl (concentrated), Liberman-Buchard. Analysis of secondary metabolite compound components from the extract using GC-MS Shimadzu (QP-2010S Shimadzu, Japan) and determination of potential antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of A. muricata leaf contains phenolic secondary metabolites, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. According to phytochemical screening, A. muricata leaf water extract contains phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids. The results of ethanol extract analysis using GC-MS obtained 24 types of secondary metabolite compounds with the three highest secondary metabolite compounds, namely dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester (16.76%), dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl esters (16.52%), and glycerol trilaurate (15.07%); A. muricata leaf water extract contains 15 metabolite compound components with the three highest secondary metabolite compounds, namely n-hexadecoic acid (37.40%), 9-Hexadecenoic acid (16.59%), and benzeneethanol, 4-hydroxy (6.76%). The antioxidant activity value extracted with water solvent has an IC50 of 99.96 ppm, and that extracted with ethanol has an IC50 of 264.51 ppm. A. muricata extract leaf contains various secondary metabolites, and samples extracted with water show better antioxidant activity compared to samples extracted with ethanol.