Abstract
Objective: To analyse elemental profile, evaluate functional groups and find out phytochemical constituents of Vitex negundo L. leaves.Methods: Determination of primary and secondary metabolites for various extracts by qualitative methods. Elemental analysis was carried out by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique and the functional groups have been determined by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique.Results: Soluble extractive percentage of material has been found the maximum in the aqueous extract (6.75%) followed by methanolic extract (4.35%) and acetone extract (1.8%). Phytochemical screening of material revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, steroids, cardiac and anthraquinone glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. The elemental analysis revealed Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Li, B, Al, P, Cd, As, Ba, and Hg. FTIR technique was used to identify various functional groups present in three different extracts of the material.Conclusion: The phytochemical screening of three different extracts of the material showed the presence of most of the primary and secondary metabolites in aqueous and methanolic extract than acetone extract. The soluble extractive value was found the maximum in aqueous extract hence aqueous extract is most effective for studying the pharmacological activity of this plant. Elemental analysis showed the presence of trace elements in sufficient concentrations and traces of heavy and toxic metals. The FTIR study revealed the presence of essential functional groups in three different extracts of the material. The present investigation is most essential to discover innovative, dynamic and novel drugs for curing various newly emerged dangerous health problems.
Highlights
Herbal medicine is as old as a human race and is being used for the primary health care of human being since ancient period
Maximum soluble extractive percentage of Vitex negundo leaves was found in the aqueous extract (6.75%) followed by methanolic extract (4.35%) and less in acetone extract (1.8%) (Table 1)
The phytochemical screening of three different extracts of Vitex negundo L. leaves showed the presence of phytochemicals like carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins and phenolic compounds
Summary
Herbal medicine is as old as a human race and is being used for the primary health care of human being since ancient period. Traditional medicinal plants contain therapeutic active substances, which is a precursor for the synthesis of herbal drugs [1]. Important drugs have been derived from plant resources directly or indirectly. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides etc. Screening of phytochemicals gives an idea about medicinal properties and values of plants. Vitex negundo L. belongs to the family Verbenaceae. It is woody, aromatic shrub, commonly known as nirgudi in Marathi and five-leaved chaste tree in English. Almost all parts of nirgudi like leaves, roots, bark, fruits, flowers and seeds are used for medicinal purpose in the form of powder decoction, juice, oil, dry extract etc [15]. Vitex negundo used as folk medicine in most of the states of India
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