Abstract
Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial properties and proximate analysis of the seeds of Landolphia Owariensis P. Beauv were investigated. Dried seeds of landolphia owariensis P. Beauv were pulverized and extracted with 96.5% ethanol using soxhlet extraction method. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins and phenols while tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids were not detected. The crude ethanol extract showed antimicrobial potency against candida albicans, streptococcus faecali, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus and coliform bacilli at the concentrations of 100 mg/mL. 50 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL and 16.5 mg/mL with inhibition zone diameter (IZD) values ranging between 16 mm-30 mm. The crude sample was partitioned into acidic, basic and neutral metabolites which showed varying degrees of antimicrobial potency at the concentrations of 100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL and 16.5 mg/mL against the same organisms. The acidic metabolite showed pronounced antimicrobial activity against these organisms compared to the basic and neutral metabolites. Amoxycillin (amoxyl) and orazone were used as standard antibiotics and levofloxacin as a standard fungicide. The proximate analysis of the untreated seed sample gave 2.27% ash content, 15.32% moisture content, 15.70% crude fiber, 28.06% crude protein and 48.45% carbohydrate.
Highlights
Occurring useful substances could be sourced from plants, animals or from minerals (Sofowora, 1993)
The crude ethanol extract showed antimicrobial potency against Candida albicans, Streptococcus faecali, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Coliform bacilli at the concentrations of 100 mg/mL. 50 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL and 16.5 mg/mL with inhibition zone diameter (IZD) values ranging between 16 mm-30 mm
The result of the phytochemical screening of the crude ethanol extract is shown on Table 1
Summary
Occurring useful substances could be sourced from plants, animals or from minerals (Sofowora, 1993). These could be obtained from both primary and metabolic processes and have provided and still provide sources of medicine and pharmaceuticals for ages (Gills, 1992). 1977; Holetz, Pessini, Sanches, Cortez, Nakamura, & Filho, 2002) They are the bioactive constituents in form the of steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, phenols and so on (Addae-Mensah, 1992). In herbal and traditional medicine, the part of the plant that contains the active ingredient; leaves, stem, root, seeds and so on is taken in form of an extract, infusion or decoction (Dhir, Craig, & Berman, 2002; Burkhill, 1985; Daziel, 1993; Ake-Assi & Guinko, 1991). The phytochemical screening and the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the ethanol crude extract of the seed as well as the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the acidic, basic and neutral metabolites of the ethanol crude extract of the seed were considered
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