Phytochemical Screening, Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Nypa frutican Sap

Abstract

Abstract Nypa fruticans sap is a juice produced at the fruit stalks or called as inflorescence that used as beverages and addictive for food due to its sweetness. Traditionally, local people consume the sap of this plant for alternative sweetener to replace table sugar to prevent diabetes. The major part of this study to perform the phytochemicals screening that presence in the sap. Besides that, to study the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of nipa sap. All the samples were prepared by removing the water content using rotary evaporator then extracted using water, methanol and ethanol. The nipa palm vinegar (NPV) was produced as the sap was left at room temperature for 30 days. The four samples of water extract (WE), methanol extract (ME), ethanol extract (EE) and NPV were tested for phytochemical screening and showed the positive result for WE (Phenol, flavonoid and saponin), ME (phenol, flavonoid, terpenoids and tannin), EE (phenol, flavonoid, terpenoids and tannin) and NPV (phenol, flavonoid, terpenoids, and tannin). The antidiabetic properties of all four extracts of the sap were determined by inhibition of α-amylase and the result was compared to the synthetic drug which is acarbose. All the samples except WE showed the potent result for antidiabetic which are WE (100 mg/mL= 1.84% inhibition), ME (100 mg/mL= 52.16% inhibition), EE (100 mg/mL= 55.03% inhibition), and NPV (100 mg/mL= 56.67% inhibition) compared to the acarbose (100 mg/mL= 80.90% inhibition). Meanwhile, the antioxidant properties of the samples were determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The samples also showed a positive result which is WE (EC50 242.8), ME (EC50 463.7), EE (EC50 227.1) and NPV (EC50 228.3) compared to ascorbic acid (EC50 3.482). In conclusion, the sap contains useful phytochemicals that possess and helps in antidiabetic and antioxidant activities