Phytochemical screening and toxicological evaluation using Brine Shrimp Lethality Tes (BSLT) of ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia L.

Abstract

Introduction: Noni, which has the scientific name Morinda citrifolia L., is a plant often found in Indonesia and has many properties used for generations. However, this noni fruit has potential toxicity that needs to be studied further. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical compounds and determine the toxicity of the ethanol extract of noni fruit using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Methods: The research was conducted at the Chemistry Laboratory, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya. This research includes experimental research. Artemia salina L. larvae aged 48 hours were put into a test tube containing a solution of noni fruit extract with concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm, then observed after 24 hours. Results: In the phytochemical screening results, noni fruit ethanol extract contains tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The test results obtained an LC50 value of 17.78 ppm, which indicates that the ethanol extract of the noni fruit is toxic. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of the noni fruit contains tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and terpenoids and has toxicity to Artemia salina L. larvae. It can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of noni fruit has the potential as an anticancer.