Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing attributes of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. leaves

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine total phytochemical components as well as in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing attributes of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. leaves extract. Among different solvent extracts tested, methanolic extract revealed maximum alkaloid, flavonoids, phenolic, and tannin contents of 90.41 ± 0.15 mg atropine equivalent/g, 156.64 ± 0.97 mg quercetin equivalent/g, 155.44 ± 1.65 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, and 121.31 ± 2.34 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract, respectively. Antibacterial activity of methanolic extract was determined against indicator pathogens using agar well diffusion assay which exhibited potential activity against Bacillus subtilis. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing attributes of methanolic extract were analyzed using standard methodologies. The extract exhibited potential antioxidant traits by scavenging ABTS (IC 50 value − 224.2 µg/mL) and DPPH (IC 50 value − 76.24 µg/mL) in a concentration dependent manner. Further, the extract demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activities at varied doses with IC 50 value of 55.7 µg/mL. The methanolic extract exhibited promising rates of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition with IC 50 values of 49.45 and 38.72 µg/mL, respectively. Further, the extract showed no toxicity on L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines (99.66 ± 0.14% cell viability). Most importantly, the treatment of cell monolayer of L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines with methanolic extract showed high rate (100%) of wound healing trait. GC–MS analysis of methanolic extract revealed the presence of Mome inositol, 13-Docosenamide, (Z)-, Cycloheptasiloxane, tetradecamethyl-, and Octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester as predominant compounds. In conclusion, the biological properties of S. auriculata leaves suggested its vast role as ideal antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing agents in future.