Phytochemical screening and biological evaluation of Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Benth. growing in eastern Anatolia

Abstract

Salvia species have lately gained significant interest as a result of their suitable utilization in various industries. In the current study, S. hydrangea, one of the most consumed sages in the eastern region of Turkey, has been evaluated for phytochemical composition as well as in vitro pharmacological potential comparatively for the first time. The phytochemical composition of S.hydrangea was investigated by LC-MS/MS, GC-FID, and GC/MS. To reveal its biological activities, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and also acetylcholinesterase activities of different solvent extracts such as water, n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol were determined. According to GC-GC/MS analysis, the primary components of the oil were identified as camphor (46.0%), 1,8-cineole (7.5%), camphene (6.8%), limonene (6.5%), β-pinene (6.11%) and α-pinene (5.6%). Additionally, in the infusion and methanol extract, rosmarinic acid and luteolin glycoside were detected as predominant phenolics by LC-MS/MS. In DPPH·, CUPRAC, and FRAP test results of the samples indicated strong to moderate antioxidant ability in all samples studied, additionally, among them, the infusion exhibited significant acetylcholine inhibition properties comparable with galanthamine. With regard to antimicrobial activity, all of the tested microorganisms had MIC values ranging from 15 to 2000 µg/mL. Based on these findings, S. hydrangea may have promising properties for a variety of industrial applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.