Abstract
The phytochemical screening and antibacterial effects of Aframomum melegueta (K. Schum)on Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae was carried out. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, anthraquinones, terpenoids, glycosides and phenols in the seed extract. The susceptibility test showedzones of inhibition (ZOI) of S. typhi (11.0mm) and K. pneumonia (13.0mm)with methanolic seed extract (MSE), while the hot aqueous seed extract (HASE) recorded 3.0mmas ZOI for both test organisms. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200mg/ml and 100mg/ml were recorded against S. typhi and K. pneumoniae respectively with MSE, while HASE indicated 400mg/ml and 200mg/ml MICs against S. typhi and K. pneumoniae respectively. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) obtained from MSE were 200 mg/ml and 25mg/ml for S. typhiand K. pneumoniae, while HASE had > 400mg/ml for test microbes. The effectiveness of different concentrations of the test plant extracts on the test organisms was significant (P<0.05). Further trials involving other clinical isolates and botanicals at different concentrations be conducted, to optimize theprocess.
 Keywords: Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Aframomum melegueta, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Highlights
Relatively cheaper antimicrobial agents that can fight these multi-drug resistant strains (Endimiani et al, 2009).Pneumonia is a single largest cause of death in children worldwide
Pneumonia is a form of anti-respiratory infection that affects the lungs; it is usually caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi
Source of Clinical Isolates: Characterized Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae were obtained from ABU Teaching hospital, Shika and precultured at Microbiology laboratory of the Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, (NILEST), Samaru – Zaria, Kaduna state
Summary
Relatively cheaper antimicrobial agents that can fight these multi-drug resistant strains (Endimiani et al, 2009).Pneumonia is a single largest cause of death in children worldwide. Every year it kills about 1.2 million children under the age of five (5) years, accounting for 18% of all deaths worldwide, more than AIDs, malaria and tuberculosis combined (WHO, 2013). Pneumonia is a form of anti-respiratory infection that affects the lungs; it is usually caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi. The most common form of pneumonia is caused by bacteria whereby the alveoli are filled with pus and fluid, making breathing painful and limits oxygen in take (WHO, 2013).
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