Abstract
Extraction was by cold maceration using methanol. The extract was concentrated in vacuo to yield a brown solid of 120.191 g. The crude methanol extract was partitioned into n-hexane 0.1 g, dichloromethane 2.5 g, ethylacetate 4.0 g, and methanol 10.0 g fractions via coarse chromatography. Secondary metabolites identified; 21.73±0.36% alkaloids, 40.78±0.27% flavonoids, 15.99±0.044% saponins, 6.088±0.06% tannins, 3.086±0.03% terpenoids and 12.13±0.01% Cardiac Glycosides. Acute toxicity test showed no death in the rats administered with low dose (1000 mg/kg) and high dose (6000 mg/kg). Analgesic activities of crude methanol extract and fractions showed that at a low dose of 4000 mg/kg of the extract and the fractions have percentage inhibition of pains as methanol crude (63.48±4.62), methanol fraction (79.14±7.39), dichloromethane fraction (60.79±6.69), ethylacetate fraction (23.26±9.75) and n-hexane fraction (64.82±9.75). At a high dose of 8000 mg/kg, the percentage inhibition of pain was 5200±2.00, 71.87±7.04, 80.31±6.20, 45.61±12.60 and 43.87±8.13. Statistical analysis; P>0.05 confidence level, methanol fraction recorded highest analgesic activities while ethylacetate fraction had least.
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