Abstract
Bark residues from forest products production using loblolly pine (LP) and sweetgum (SG) are currently combusted in pulp and paper mills. Hot water extraction (HWE) of phytochemicals from bark prior to combustion could be an effective method to valorize these biomass streams. On average, the LP and SG-HWE contained 12% monosaccharides, 33% polysaccharides, 21% total phenolics and 8% organic acids. Major phytochemicals recorded in LP and SG-HWE were shikimic acid (15%), gallic acid (7.5%), vanillic acid (5–7%) and vanillin. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of LP and SG-HWE were evaluated for LP and SG bark harvested in different months (January, April and September) and from different sized trees (diameter at breast height or DBH, ranging from 2 to 33 cm). All LP and SG-HWE inhibited a Staphylococcus aureus cocktail. LP-HWE harvested in April from DBH 27 and 33 cm also inhibited Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. All SG-HWE preparations, at 12.5 μg, produced significa...
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