Abstract
Erythrina variegata (E. variegata) bioactive chemical has been the potential to be utilized as a good, eco-friendly approach for the control of mosquito population. In the present investigation, methanol extract using insecticidal compounds isolated against mosquito larvae kill assay was carried out. Secondary metabolism was characterized by thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectral, and identification of compound. Mosquito immature third instar larval, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus have been exposed to different concentrations of 50-250 µg/ml. Totally, larvae were death rate 98.2% (significant value 0.001b) from methanol extract and it is significant toxicity against larvae of An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50/LC99 values were 157.69/339.55 µg/ml and 137.67/297.33 µg/ml, respectively. FT-IR analysis in the functional groups such as alcohol, amines, amides, alkenes, 1⁎ amines, aromatic amines, aliphatic amines, 1⁎,2⁎ amines, and alkyl halides searched the identity of secondary metabolites, which may act as 12-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester compound and clearly indicates being phytochemical. Chemical constituents of twenty-five compounds were identified in the methanol extract. The major components were 12-Octadecenoic acid and methyl ester (37.31%). Compound molecules consist of carbon 19 atoms (gray), hydrogen 36 atoms (greenish blue), and oxygen 2 atoms (red), indicated by the different colors. The results were obtained suggesting that, in addition to their pharmaceutical and medicine sources, 12-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester compound can also serve as a natural mosquito control.
Highlights
Mosquitoes are very well recognized as vectors of protozoan, viruses, and other pathogenic organisms and it is well-known that under the influence of environmental conditions a vector species may notice changes in the seasonal distribution in the same area of dominance
The present study is focused on the larvicidal activity of E. variegata leaf extract tested against An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus
Present results showed that the larvicidal activity (LC50 and LC90) of E. variegata extracts on Cx. quinquefasciatus was found to be 137.67/297.33μg/ml, 148.65/316.67μg/ml, 178.12/380.83μg/ml, and 206.31/418.47μg/ml for methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane, respectively
Summary
Mosquitoes are very well recognized as vectors of protozoan, viruses, and other pathogenic organisms and it is well-known that under the influence of environmental conditions a vector species may notice changes in the seasonal distribution in the same area of dominance. The effects of land use change by humans have long been recognized as a factor in the exacerbation of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases [1]. Majority of the Anopheles and Culex species are night time biters. Mosquitoes being vector for many tropical and subtropical diseases are the most important single group of insects well-known for their public health importance. Despite progress in vaccine development, no effective and acceptable multivalent vaccines are currently available against vector borne diseases [3].
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