Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and bioactivity of extracts of Brazilian stinging (“cansanção”) nettle (Cnidoscolus urens) on cabbage caterpillar (Ascia monuste orseis). Mortality, larval stage duration, pupal viability and mass, percentage of deformed pupae, and feeding preference were evaluated. The constituent classes of the ethanolic extracts were also identified by analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Ethanolic extracts of leaves and roots at 2% (m/v) and aqueous extract of roots at 20% (m/v) prolonged the larval phase of the insect. The ethanolic extract of leaves at 2% reduced pupal viability, and pupae from all treatments showed reduced masses and generated deformed adults. Except for the ethanolic extract of stem at 2% (m/v), all other extracts showed a deterrent effect on A. monuste orseis larvae. The phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extracts showed the major presence of phenolic compounds, naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, coumarins, anthracene derivatives, terpenes, and steroids, as well as tannins. Aqueous extracts at 20% concentration and ethanolic extracts at 2% of leaves, stems, and roots of cansanção nettle cause larval mortality and also reduce leaf consumption, pupal viability, and pupal mass of A. monuste orseis.
Highlights
Insect and pathogen attacks are some of the major limitations to horticultural crop production (Reis & Boiteux, 2008).In Brazil, Ascia monuste orseis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) ranks high among the insect pests of cabbage cultivation
To make up the aqueous extracts (AE), powder of each plant part was added to sterile distilled water (SDW) in suitable proportions to achieve the required concentrations (m/v); the extraction was performed by an ultrasound device Ultrasonic Cristófoli 42 kHz (Cristófoli Biossegurança, Campo Mourão, PR, Brazil), for 48 min, in order to get the final six extracts: aqueous leaf extract (ALE), aqueous root extract (ARE), aqueous stem extract (ASE), crude ethanol leaf extract (ELE), crude ethanol root extract (ERE), and the crude ethanol stem extract (ESE)
No differences were reported between the concentrations of the aqueous extract of cansanção nettle leaf extract for the larval and pupal phases
Summary
Insect and pathogen attacks are some of the major limitations to horticultural crop production (Reis & Boiteux, 2008).In Brazil, Ascia monuste orseis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) ranks high among the insect pests of cabbage cultivation. Termed the “cabbage worm”, it is considered of economic concern as it causes extensive defoliation The control of this insect, as for most agricultural pests, is the use of agrochemicals, which has led to the ranking of Brazil among the greatest global consumer markets of pesticides (Carvalho et al, 2014). An alternative method to the concentrated and widespread usage of synthetic insecticides is the employment of extracts prepared from plants with insecticidal properties (Wiesbrook, 2004) In light of this concept, species belonging to the genus Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae) are prominent for their biological activity on insects and other organisms detrimental to man and cultivated crops (Nunes et al, 2016; Paula et al, 2016)
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