Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of Endemic Sideritis sipylea Boiss. in North Aegean Greek Islands.

Evangelos Axiotis,Eleftherios A Petrakis,Sofia Mitakou,Maria Halabalaki

doi:10.3390/molecules25092022

Evangelos Axiotis, Eleftherios A Petrakis + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092022

Copy DOI

Abstract

Sideritis sipylea Boiss. is an endemic plant of the Mediterranean basin that is distributed in the Greek islands of the North Aegean Sea, i.e., Lesvos, Chios, Samos, and Ikaria, and in the West and Middle peninsula of Turkey. It is considered an endangered species because of its uncontrolled collection from its original habitat. Although the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties have been previously reported, the total chemical profile has not yet been explored. In this context, the chemical profiles of the water/methanol (HA), methanol (ME), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). In parallel, analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for the dichloromethane extract (DCM) as well as for the essential oil (EO) and the extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Furthermore, the total phenolic content (TPC) along with the in vitro tyrosinase and elastase enzyme inhibitory activity of different extracts was evaluated, towards the discovery of new active agents for cosmetic formulations. These activities are in accordance with its well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, confirming the importance of ethnopharmacological references for S. sipylea in Greece and Turkey.

Highlights

The genus Sideritis belongs to the Lamiaceae family and consists of more than 150 species worldwide [1]
Hydrodistillation and Extraction was employed for the recovery of the essential oil (EO), followed by supercritical fluid extraction
The extracts obtained by applying the aforementioned techniques are summarized in Table 1, was employed for the recovery of the essential oil (EO), followed by supercritical fluid extraction accompanied by the respective extraction yields

Summary

Introduction

The genus Sideritis belongs to the Lamiaceae family and consists of more than 150 species worldwide [1]. In Greece, the genus comprises eight species and seven subspecies with reference to the Mountain Flora of Greece [3]. A key characteristic of this genus is the classification difficulty because of the strong tendency of its species to hybridize and changing their chemical composition [4]. The phytochemical profile of Sideritis species has been extensively analyzed and the chemotaxonomic markers’ constituents of the genus, such as terpenoids, sterols, coumarins, flavonoid aglycones, and glycosides, are well known [4,5]. Many species of the Sideritis genus, such as S. scardica, S. clandestina, S. syriaca, S. raeseri, along with the endemic species S. euboea and S. sipylea, are commonly known as “mountain tea” or “ironwort”

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion