Abstract
The current study investigated the phytochemicals profile, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, and antidiabetic effects of the solvent fractions hexane fraction (HF-CS), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF-CS) and methanol fraction (MF-CS) obtained from the methanolic extract of Cirsium setidens (CS). The HPLC/MS analysis indicated that EAF-CS had significantly more content of syringin, rutin, nicotiflorin, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin glucopyranoside, linarin, pectolinarigenin, and pectolinarin compared to the other two fractions. Similarly, the EAF-CS had a greater amount of total phenolic content (236.72 mg TAE/g extract) and total flavonoid content (137.15 mg QE/g extract). MF-CS had the highest DPPH scavenging activity among the fractions, with a lower inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 45.14 g/mL. However, the EAF-CS had a lower IC50 value for enzyme inhibition. EAF-CS (25 g/mL) treatment increased glucose uptake (80%) in insulin-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells (IR-HepG2) by reversing the insulin resistance. Biochemicalassays indicated that EAF-CS exerted its anti-diabetic effect by eliminating streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic status and restoring blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice. This was accomplished by recovering organs and limiting STZ-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, in-silico docking experiments indicated that the compounds in the EAF-CS synergistically inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the EAF-CS might be used to purify a new antidiabetic agent.
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