Phytochemical, physicochemical, microbiological study and anticholinesterase activity of Ginkgo biloba L. and Bacopa monnieri L. used in phytotherapy

Tatiana De Oliveira Lopes,Yáscara Lopes De Oliveira,Francisca Lucia De Lima,Ronaldo Dos Santos Sousa Júnior,Chistiane Mendes Feitosa,Mariana Helena Chaves,Mahendra Rai,Renato Pinto De Sousa,Jaqueline Fernanda De Sousa Silva,Antônio Rafael De Oliveira,Iron Jonhson De Araújo Veras,Clara Andrezza Crisóstomo Bezerra Costa,Laécio Santos Cavalcante,Johnnatan Duarte De Freitas,Rudielson Dos Santos Silva,Valdiléia Teixeira Uchôa,Renata Da Silva Carneiro

doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13480

Abstract

Herbal medicines based on Ginkgo biloba L. and Bacopa monnieri L. are used to improve memory and cognitive function. The quality control and anticholinesterase activity of the herbal medicines prepared from G. biloba and B. monnieri were evaluated which are commercialized in handling pharmacies. Samples of herbal medicines based on G. biloba and B. monnieri were obtained from handling pharmacies in Teresina-PI, submitted to labeling analysis and anticholinesterase activity. The phytochemical study was performed by preliminary prospecting, TLC and HPLC. The tests physicochemical and microbiological analyses were made according to the Pharmacopoeia 2010. It was observed that the labeling, foreign material, disintegration, and microbiological parameters were in accordance with ANVISA standards. The colorimetric tests were uniform in the samples of B. monnieri and variable of G. biloba. The average weight evaluation shows that the G1 and B3 samples have capsular content above that described in the labeling and presented pH values different. Among the thermogravimetric profiles, the mass losses of samples G1 and B3 showed values with high ash content, suggesting adulterations. Phytochemical prospecting showed flavonoids as common secondary metabolites in both species, corroborating with TLC and HPLC analysis, which identified the compounds chlorogenic acid, rutin, myricetin and quercetin. The samples G4, B2 and B5 present metabolites capable of inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase with IC50 of 0.8540 mg/mL, 0.9650 mg/mL and 1.8221×10-5 mg/mL, respectively. The samples G1 and B3 of G. biloba and B. monnieri, did not obey some parameters of quality control for herbal medicines according to the criteria of the Brazilian Pharmacopeia.

Highlights

Phytotherapy is a powerful natural resource for the prevention and treatment of diseases through medicinal plants, used as complementary therapy (Chakraborty, 2018)
The results for the labeling investigation of G. biloba and B. monnieri phytotherapeutics from the referred study showed that all samples are in compliance with the current legislation, showing no inconsistencies with the information presented and required
By the values of the phytotherapic contents, of G. biloba and B. monnieri samples, described in Table 3, it is observed that the G2 sample had an average phytotherapic content close to 120 mg, while G1 presents twice the concentration expressed on the label

Summary

Introduction

Phytotherapy is a powerful natural resource for the prevention and treatment of diseases through medicinal plants, used as complementary therapy (Chakraborty, 2018). (Ginkgoaceae), is among the most consumed medicinal plants in the world, has neuroprotective, vascular and cardiological applications, acting against depression, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ischemic stroke (Yang et al, 2016; Tian et al, 2017; Dai et al, 2018). It has been used as a herbal product in the treatment of patients with AD, as it is considered a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (Kim et al, 2016). EGb761, according to RDC 89/2004 (Brasil, 2004), contains at least 24.0% flavonoids and 6% terpenoids

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Conclusion