Abstract
The plant Cayratia gracilis (Guill. & Perr.) Sues., family Vitaceae, is renowned for its numerous medicinal application in folks medicine especially for its analgesic properties. Phytochemical, physicochemical, microscopic and elemental analyses were carried out on the plant to establish basic monograph information for authentication of the plant samples. The moisture content was 12.7%, water extractive value was 19%, and alcohol extractive value was 3.9% in the leaves and the moisture content of 8.8%, water extractive value of 14.8% and alcohol extractive value of 1.3% in the stem. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of 8 secondary metabolites for the leaves and 6 for the stem. The thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) profile of the stem revealed 4, 3, and 2 spots for the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts respectively, while the leave revealed 5, 2 and 4 clear spots for hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts respectively. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) of the plant shows the presence Zn, Cu, Mn, Mg, Fe, Na, and absence of metals like Pb and Cr. The study reveals microscopic characters that are useful as diagnostic parameters for Cayratia gracilis. Information obtained from this study is important in establishing diagnostic indices for identification, standardization, and also in monograph development of the plant which has ethno-medicinal uses.
Highlights
Cayratia gracilis (Guill. & Perr.) Suesseng belongs to the family Vitaceae, It is synonymous to Cissus gracilis Guill. & Perr. and is locally called ‘Teydebedik’ in Senegal, ‘Basari’ in Guinea, ‘Kissipendekelo’ in Sierra Leone, ‘Dagbaniwowo’ in Ghana, and ‘Anaya’ or ‘Yaakuwarfataakke’ in Hausa language of Nigeria (Burkill, 2000)
It can be found in shady and damp sites of the savannah and forest region, it can be found in most African countries like Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria, some regions of West Africa and Tropical Africa (Burkill, 2000).The Genus Cayratia comprises of about 50 different species and they are vastly distributed
In view of its use as a vegetable and many medicinal uses, as well as results from related Asiatic species, this work is aimed at finding the phytochemical constituents, microscopy, pharmacognostic and elemental composition of the leaf and stem of C. gracilis found in Abuja, Nigeria
Summary
Cayratia gracilis (Guill. & Perr.) Suesseng belongs to the family Vitaceae, It is synonymous to Cissus gracilis Guill. & Perr. and is locally called ‘Teydebedik’ in Senegal, ‘Basari’ in Guinea, ‘Kissipendekelo’ in Sierra Leone, ‘Dagbaniwowo’ in Ghana, and ‘Anaya’ or ‘Yaakuwarfataakke’ in Hausa language of Nigeria (Burkill, 2000). Is locally called ‘Teydebedik’ in Senegal, ‘Basari’ in Guinea, ‘Kissipendekelo’ in Sierra Leone, ‘Dagbaniwowo’ in Ghana, and ‘Anaya’ or ‘Yaakuwarfataakke’ in Hausa language of Nigeria (Burkill, 2000). The leaves of C. gracilis are occasionally eaten as vegetable in Sudan but its use as vegetable is limited elsewhere. It is considered in Senegal as a famine food that needs to be cooked together with Amorphophallus roots (Burkill, 2000). The fresh roots are chewed or boiled and the decoction used as a cough remedy (Ferry, 1974)
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