Abstract
Twenty-three compounds of diverse classes including iridoid glycosides (1–3), phenylethanoids (4 and 14), neo-clerodane diterpenoids (5–9), abietene diterpenoids (10–12), sesquiterpenoids (13), steroids (15), and flavonoids (16–23) were isolated from the whole plant Teucrium pruinosum. Their structures were determined by analysis of spectoscopic data. The diterpenoids (5–12) were tested for antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, and anti-inflammatory activities. 7-O-acetylhorminone (10) showed significant activity against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 7.1 and 12.0 μM, respectively, and anti-inflammatory activity via iNOS inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.55 ± 0.07 μM. This is the first report regarding the chemical constituents and biological activities of T. pruinosum. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds is discussed.
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