Phytochemical Investigation of High Potential Medicinal Plants for Friendly Insect Pest Management at Heramosh, District Gilgit

Abstract

The exploration of medicinal plants in Gilgit-Baltistan for pest and insect control emerges as a promising strategy for natural pest management. The research was focused on three specific plant species-Swertia cordata, Gentiana tianschanica, and Pleurospermum candollei-highlighting their efficacy in pest control and the conservation of biodiversity in the region. These plants boast a rich array of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, and proteins, contributing to their pest-controlling attributes. The phytochemical investigation involved the collection of fresh plants from diverse locations, followed by air-drying and extracting plant samples for analysis. Qualitative tests on the crude extracts aimed to discern the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, and carbohydrates. The results of the preliminary phytochemical analysis affirmed the presence of various secondary metabolites in all three plant species. Additionally, the research delved into the antioxidant potential of these plants, employing DPPH free radical scavenging assays. The extracts from different solvents of each plant species exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, suggesting their role as natural antioxidants. The research explores the multifaceted bioactive properties of the identified secondary metabolites, highlighting their significance in fortifying plant defense mechanisms. Alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, amino acids, and carbohydrates collectively contribute to the overall health benefits of these plants, potentially aiding in insect control and disease prevention. The study concluded by underscoring the imperative for further research to comprehensively grasp the specific uses, concentrations, and properties of these compounds for effective pest and disease control. In essence, the findings underscore the importance of harnessing medicinal plants for pest management, considering their reduced environmental impact in contrast to synthetic pesticides. The research provides valuable insights into the potential of natural compounds derived from medicinal plants, offering a sustainable approach to agricultural practices and the preservation of ecosystems.