Abstract
Objective: The present study is to evaluate the preliminary study of phytochemical screening and biological applications of Andrographis serpyllifolia methanol leaf extracts.
 Methods: The methanol leaf extracts of A. serpyllifolia was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus and the extract was analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. Further, the antibacterial activity of methanolic leaf extract of A. serpyllifolia was tested against various human pathogens by using agar disc diffusion method.
 Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS results revealed phenols, aromatic carboxylic acids, and esters in the chloroform extract to be the molecules responsible for the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of A. serpyllifolia methanol extract and fractions showed the presence of various secondary metabolites present.
 Conclusion: The present study strongly recommended that the methanolic extract of A. serpyllifolia leaves possesses compounds that inhibit the growth of microbes as wells excellent antioxidant activities. The study further suggested the potential therapeutic use of these extract in cancer study.
Highlights
Herbal medicines are being gained a lot of acceptance in recent years because they are a natively higher therapeutic window, less side effects, and scientific essential of therapeutic activities [1]
Phytochemical screening The qualitative phytochemical screening of A. serpyllifolia methanolic leaf extracts revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, amino acids, oils, and resins while carbohydrates was absent in the methanolic extracts (Table 1) [21] showed the phytosterols, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, carbohydrate, glycoside, sterols, steroids, terpenoids, and tannin while saponin was absent in methanol and aqueous leaf extracts of Rhododendron arboreum [22] showed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, tannin, steroids, diterpenes, and triterpenes in the methanolic extract revealed the presence of hydrocarbon alkane, steroids, ester, fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenes
The plant of Borassus flabellifer plant extract The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, phytosterols, triterpenoids, and phenols in the immature palmyra palm fruits extract [23]
Summary
Herbal medicines are being gained a lot of acceptance in recent years because they are a natively higher therapeutic window, less side effects, and scientific essential of therapeutic activities [1]. Medicinal plants have been found to possess antimicrobial properties [2]. A. serpyllifolia belongs to the family Acanthaceae and is commonly known as round leaf Kariyat, Aaku chandrika. It is an irregular herb auxiliary plant species and mostly found in southern India (Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka). Medicinal plants are the most potent antimicrobial natural source, used as ethnomedicine [8]. Plants are rich in a variety of phytochemical secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids, and flavonoids which have been found in many studies to have significant antimicrobial activities [9,10]. Medicinal plants are the source of various antioxidants acting as oxygen scavengers. The potent antioxidant activity is attributed to active compounds present large amounts in the plants [12]
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