Abstract
Plant pathogenic bacteria are recognized to be harmful microbes able to decrease the quantity and quality of crop production in the world. Punica granatum peel was screened for its potential use as biological control agent for plant pathogenic bacteria. P. granatum peel was successfully extract using n-hexane, methanol and ethyl acetate by maceration. The highest yield obtained by ethyl acetate showed that ethyl acetate extracted more compounds that readily soluble to methanol and n-hexane. For in-vitro antibacterial activity, three different species of plant pathogenic bacteria were used namely Erwinia carotovorum subsp. Carotovorum, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas gardneri. For all crude extracts, four different concentrations 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml were used in cup-plate agar diffusion method. Streptomycin sulfate at concentration 30 μg/ml was used as positive control while each respective solvent used for peel extraction was used as negative control. The results obtained from in vitro studies showed only ethyl acetate extract possessed antibacterial activity tested on the plant pathogenic bacteria. Methanol and n-hexane did not show any antibacterial activity against plant pathogenic bacteria selected where no inhibition zones were recorded. R. solanacearum recorded the highest diameter of inhibition zones for all range of concentrations introduced followed by E. carotovorum subsp. Carotovorum and X. gardneri. For the minimum inhbitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), only the ethyl acetate extract was subjected to the assay as only ethyl acetate extract exhibited antibacterial activity. The minimum concentration of ethyl acetate extract that was able to inhibit plant pathogenic bacteria was recorded at a concentration of 3.12 mg/ml which inhibited R. solancearum and E. carotovorum subsp. Carotovorum, followed by X. gardneri at concentration 6.25 mg/ml. For the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the results showed that at the concentration of 12.5 mg/ml, the extract was still capable of killing the pathogenic bacteria, R. solanacearum, and P. caratovora sub.sp. caratovora while for the bacteria X. gardneri, the concentration that was able to kill the bacteria was 25 mg/ml. The qualitative estimation of phytochemical constituents within P. granatum L. ethyl acetate peel extracts had revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenols alkaloid, Saponins, and terpenoids. This study has demonstrated that Ethyl Acetate peel extracts of P. granatum has significant antibacterial activity against pathogenic plant bacterial, and it could be of high agricultural value.
Highlights
For several years plants and plant materials have been used as a source of medicinal agent and numerous natural products acquired from medicinal plants either as a crude extract or as purified products have been employed in disease control
This study has demonstrated that Ethyl Acetate peel extracts of P. granatum has significant antibacterial activity against pathogenic plant bacterial, and it could be of high agricultural value
There was no antibacterial activity of Punica granatum methanol and n-hexane crude extracts detected against all species of plant pathogenic bacteria
Summary
Plants and plant materials have been used as a source of medicinal agent and numerous natural products acquired from medicinal plants either as a crude extract or as purified products have been employed in disease control. Caratovora are believed to be the most important plant pathogens that are becoming destructive when affecting particular crops that strengthen the agriculturist trust that these plant pathogenic bacteria cannot be left to spread widely amongst the valuable crops that will lead to severe crop and economic losses All of these pathogenic bacteria have treated as early as possible before the whole crops are damaged. These pathogens started to be resilient towards the antibiotics, and chemical pesticide used, so the use of chemical pesticides and antibiotics in controlling these destructive plant pathogens seem to be less effective To face this problem, the use of P. granatum L. peel extracts could be another successful method in controlling severe plant diseases. The mean objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of P. granatum L. peel extracts against plant pathogenic bacteria
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