Abstract
Ridan (Nephelium maingayi) is one of Nephelium (Sapindaceae) member distributed in Riau Province. This underutilized edible plant is commonly found as wild species, and poses three different fruit morphologies (oval, asymmetric and rounded shaped fruit). The phytochemical contents of these fruit species had not been reported. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical contents of fruit parts (peel, aril and seed) of three different fruit shapes of N. maingayi (oval, asymmetric and rounded shaped fruit) from Riau Province. A total of six secondary metabolite groups were tested (alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, saponin dan tannin), using qualitative analysis based on the presence of precipitation (alkaloid), the change of mixture color (steroid, terpenoid, flavonoid and tannin) and soapy foaming substance for saponin. The result showed that peels of Ridan (N. maingayi) gave the highest phytochemical contents (alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid, saponin and tannin.). Terpenoid and saponin were found in peel, aril and seed of three different fruit shapes. This study concluded that the phytochemical contents of three fruit shapes of Ridan (N. maingayi) varies among the different shapes of fruit. This result of this study provide the first information of bioactive profile of N. maingayi form Riau Province.
Highlights
The study of phytochemical contents of Nephelium (Sapindaceae) members is very limited
Due to its small and almost sour aril, this plant is rarely found as cultivated species at Riau Province but commonly found as wild species
During the exploration we identified a total of three variations of fruit morphology, i.e. oval shaped fruit, asymmetric shaped fruit and rounded shaped fruit
Summary
The study of phytochemical contents of Nephelium (Sapindaceae) members is very limited. Ridan (Nephelium maingayi Hiern) is one out of 25 Nephelium member). This species is characterized by its hairless peel, with small fruit (ca.1.2 – 2.2 cm length x 1 – 1.5 cm width). Most of the Nephelium members have long appendage that ressemble as “hair”. The local name of hairy fruit Nephelium is Rambutan (from “rambut” – hair). The fruit of N. maingayi has no long appendage and grouped as hairless Nephelium. The edible part of Ridan fruit is aril. Due to its small and almost sour aril, this plant is rarely found as cultivated species at Riau Province but commonly found as wild species. N. maingayi is one of underutilized wild species in this province
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