Phytochemical constituents and protective efficacy of Schefflera arboricola L. leaves extract against thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats

Abstract

Context Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting from liver failure. Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Schefflera arboricola L. leaves methanol extract against thioacetamide (TAA) induced HE in rats. Materials and methods GC/MS, LC-ESI-MS, and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. The methanol extract was orally administrated (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days. TAA (200 mg/kg body weight) was given intraperitoneally on day 19 and continued for three days. The evaluation was done by measuring alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ammonia, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interlukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and the cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163). The histological features of the liver and brain were conducted. Results Forty-five compounds were identified from the n-hexane fraction, while twenty-nine phenolic compounds were determined from the methanol extract. Pre-treatment with the plant extract returned most of the measurements under investigation to nearly normal. Conclusion Due to its richness with bioactive compounds, Schefflera arboricola L. leaves methanolic extract succeeded to exert anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidants properties in TAA-induced HE in rats with more efficacy to its high protective dose.