Abstract
Phytochemical and hypoglycemic effects of two varieties of Gymnema sylvestre were studied. The leaves of Big-leaf (MCL) and the small-leaf (ZMGL) varieties were grown in Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, India. Water, ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, haxane and chloroform were used for phytochemical extraction from the dried leaves. Gymnemic acid was extracted and purified from the two varieties by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Four groups of matured whisker rats (six per group) were induced with high-glucose level. Three groups were treated with standard drug Glibenclamide (5mg/kg), gymnemic acid extracts from MCL and ZMDL respectively while the fourth group served as experimental control. Hypoglycemic activities of extracts were evaluated using animals’ blood sample. Result showed water and methanol are best solvents for phytochemical extraction from the plant and the yield is higher in ZMGL than MCL. Also, gymnemic acid yield varied. From the results, hypoglycemic activities from the animals’ blood revealed that treatments from both MCL and ZMGL are not significantly different from standard drug Glibenclamide. The study concluded that water or methanol is appropriate solvent for phytochemical extraction from G. sylvestre leaves and extract from both lines of the plant could be utilized to reduce blood glucose level Keywords : phytochemical extraction, extraction solvents, gymnemic acid, hypoglycemic effects
Highlights
In the recent decades, with increasing urbanization and changing lifestyle, prevalence of diabetes is increasing at alarming rate
The leaves of Big-leaf variety (MCL) and the Small-leaf variety (ZMGL from Research and Development Medicinal Plant Garden, Zandu Foundation for Health Care (ZFHC), Vapi, India) of Gymnema sylvestre grown in the Medicinal Plant Garden, College of Pharmacy, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Gujarat, India were collected and used for the study
The present result was in agreement with the report of Ajaiyoba (2000) who demonstrated that water and methanol were most effective for phytochemical extraction of Gynandropsis gynandra and Buchholzia coriaceae
Summary
With increasing urbanization and changing lifestyle, prevalence of diabetes is increasing at alarming rate. Diabetes is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism which results in high blood sugar levels (Gunjan et al, 2011). It is considered as one of the five leading cause of death in the world and it is estimated that diabetes would affect approximately 57 million people by the year 2025 (Grijesh et al, 2009). World Health Organization (WHO) has listed 21,000 plants of medicinal important around the world. India is a major exporter (70%) of crude drug extract and (30%) of finished products (ICMR, 2013) from herbs and medicinal plants
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