Abstract
Diseases and infections are two of the most notable health challenges that humans are facing today; these have led to different health impairments, death and other economic damages. To combat these menaces, leaf and stem of Momordicaaugustisepala plant have been noted for their medicinal properties. Ethanol extract of Momordicaaugustisepala leaf and stem was investigated for their phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activities. M. augustisepala leaf (MAL) andstem (MAS) was collected in Ogbomoso. Exactly 500 g of leafand stem was soaked in 4000 mL of ethanol. It was agitated for 1 hour at room temperature (27°C) in ultrasonic sonicator based on their polarity. The extract was then decanted, combined, filtered and concentrated using Rotary Evaporator at 40°C. The Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectra and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer was obtained on a Perkin Elmer Spectrum and Varian Cary ultraviolet-visible. Results of the phytochemical analysis of the Momordicaaugustisepala leaf and stem showed the presence of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Tannins, Saponins, Phenols, Steroids and Anthraquinones, and Momordicaaugustisepala stem revealed, Alkaloids, flavonoids, Anthraquinones, Glycoside, Steroids, terpenoids, Tannins, Saponins and Phenols, while reducing sugar and phlobatanins were absent. Maximum inhibition protein denaturation of 86.6% and 89.3%was observed at 500μg/ml for anti-inflammatory activities. As compared to Aspirin standard anti-inflammation drug which gave 85.9% at the same concentration. The results revealed that both seed and stem of M. augustisepala have potential for antimicrobial and anti- inflammatory activities which may be due to the presence of plant secondary metabolites.
Highlights
Medicinal plants are the stronghold of some countries economy
Three (3) Gram negative and one Gram positive (1) bacteria with one fungus namely: Klebsiellapneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans were used in this research
This result showed that, MALand MASwere found to be very rich in phyto constituents and the best solvent for extraction according to this research work is ethanol because of their potency and medicinal values, which could be attributed to the presence of plant secondary metabolites which was found to be polar in nature
Summary
Medicinal plants are the stronghold of some countries economy. About 80% of the global populace, mainly in urban and undeveloped countries relies on them for primary health care because of better compatibility, cultural acceptability, with fewer side effects in the human body [1]. Natural products from medicinal plants are widely used by the world to cure various diseases because they are very rich in bioactive constituents. Medicinal plants are traditional local drug with a very wilder advantage and global importance, the world is naturally blessed with abundance of medicinal plants. These herbs have always been a major source of medicines in countries like Nigeria, India, et.c and presently the herbal medicines havebecome known throughout the developed countries, as people struggling to treat illness with medicines, stay healthy in the face of pollution and chronic stress that work in concept with the body’s own defence [4]. Through the past of mankind, many contagious diseases have been recognized to be treated with herbal medicine [6]
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