Phytochemical Constituents and Allelopathic Potential of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Comparison to Commercial Herbicides to Control Weeds.

Mst Motmainna,Mahmudul Hasan,A K M Mominul Islam,Md Kamal Uddin,Norhayu Binti Asib,Muhammad Saiful Ahmad-Hamdani,Abdul Shukor Juraimi

doi:10.3390/plants10071445

Mst Motmainna, Mahmudul Hasan + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071445

Copy DOI

Abstract

The allelopathic effect of various concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 50 and 100 g L−1) of Parthenium hysterophorus methanol extract on Cyperus iria was investigated under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. No seed germination was recorded in the laboratory when P. hysterophorus extract was applied at 50 g L−1. In the glasshouse, C. iria was mostly injured by P. hysterophorus extract at 100 g L−1. The phytochemical constituents of the methanol extract of P. hysterophorus were analyzed by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS=MS. The results indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, amino acids, fatty acids, piperazines, benzofuran, indole, amines, azoles, sulfonic acid and other unknown compounds in P. hysterophorus methanol extract. A comparative study was also conducted between P. hysterophorus extract (20, 40 and 80 g L−1) with a synthetic herbicide (glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium at 2 L ha−1) as a positive control and no treatment (negative control) on Ageratum conyzoides, Oryza sativa and C. iria. The growth and biomass of test weeds were remarkably inhibited by P. hysterophorus extract. Nevertheless, no significant difference was obtained when P. hysterophorus extract (80 g L−1) and synthetic herbicides (glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium) were applied on A. conyzoides.

Highlights

Cyperus iria L. is a smooth, tufted sedge weed of lowland rice worldwide and is a common weed in upland fields of 22 countries [1]
The results showed that P. hysterophorus extracts significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the germination percentage as well as coleoptile and radicle length of C. iria (Table 1)
No seed germination was recorded when P. hysterophorus extract was applied at 50 g L−1

Summary

Introduction

Cyperus iria L. (family: Cyperaceae) is a smooth, tufted sedge weed of lowland rice worldwide and is a common weed in upland fields of 22 countries [1]. (family: Cyperaceae) is a smooth, tufted sedge weed of lowland rice worldwide and is a common weed in upland fields of 22 countries [1]. This weed is reported to appear in dry, direct-seeded rice fields in 21 countries and wet-seeded rice in 11 countries [2]. The roots of C. iria are numerous, yellowish-red, short and fibrous. A prolific nature (5000 seeds from a single plant) and a very short life cycle of C. iria help it to establish a second generation in the same growing season [3,4]. It is estimated that approximately 64% of rice yield reduction occurs due to this weed [5]

Results

Discussion

Conclusion