Abstract
Lippia javanica (Burm F.) Spreng occurs naturally in Eastern, Central, and southern Africa. The species is also known to occur in the tropical Indian subcontinent. Lippia javanica is exploited widely for its potential uses as an herbal tea, in ethno medicine, pharmacognosy, and as a botanical pesticide. Despite the general utilization as a botanical pesticide, little is known about the phytochemical composition and efficacy of the extracts of L. javanica on common aphid of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp in Kenya. This study ascertained the non-volatile phytochemical compounds, and assessed the efficacy of the crude extracts of L. javanica on Vigna unguiculata aphid (Aphis craccivora) C,L (Koch). Phytochemical composition of the L. javanica was determined by screening of the crude extracts for presence or absence of the bioactive compounds. The screening test was conducted at the botany laboratory of Maseno University, Kenya in September 2016. The evaluation of the effectiveness of L. javanica extracts against Aphis craccivora, was conducted at Nzouni sub-location, Makueni County from November 2016 to March 2017. A completely randomized block design with five treatments (1%, 5%, 10%, positive, and negative controls) was adopted for the field efficacy experiment. Lippia javanica was found to be rich in phenols, flavonoids, flavones, cardiac glycosides, saponins, coumarins, anthocyanins, proteins, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids that could be postulated to exhibit toxicity effects on aphids. Application of the extracts irrespective of concentrations significantly suppressed aphid pest population at P≤ 0.05. The suppression and inactivity of aphids increased with increasing concentration. It is notable that the mixture of L. javanica extracts at 10% surpassed 1% and 5%. In addition, the 10% extract favorably competes with the synthetic insecticide such as Atom or Osho Syngenta.
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