Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity in Callus, Somaclonal Variant, and Normal Green Shoot Tissues of Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don.

O New Lee,Gokhan Zengin,Han Yong Park,József Jekő,Gunes Ak,Kannan R.R Rengasamy,Doo Hwan Kim,Iyyakkannu Sivanesan,Zoltán Cziáky

doi:10.3390/molecules25214945

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the impact of plant growth regulators, sucrose concentration, and the number of subcultures on axillary shoot multiplication, in vitro flowering, and somaclonal variation and to assess the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibitory potential of in vitro-established callus, somaclonal variant, and normal green shoots of Catharanthus roseus. The highest shoot induction rate (95.8%) and highest number of shoots (23.6), with a mean length of 4.5 cm, were attained when the C. roseus nodal explants (0.6–1 cm in length) were cultivated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2 µM thidiazuron, 1 µM 2-(1-naphthyl) acetic acid (NAA), and 4% sucrose. The in vitro flowering of C. roseus was affected by sucrose, and the number of subcultures had a significant effect on shoot multiplication and somaclonal variation. The highest levels of phenolics and flavonoids were found in normal green shoots, followed by those in somaclonal variant shoots and callus. The phytochemicals in C. roseus extracts were qualified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 39, 55, and 59 compounds were identified in the callus, somaclonal variant shoot, and normal green shoot tissues, respectively. The normal green shoot extracts exhibited the best free radical scavenging ability and reducing power activity. The strongest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects were found in the callus, with an IC50 of 0.65 mg/mL.

Highlights

Nodal explants of C. roseus were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0–16 μM of cytokinin for axillary shoot multiplication
A competent in vitro propagation system through axillary shoot multiplication was established for C. roseus
This study showed that the plant growth regulators (PGRs) and sucrose are significant factors affecting shoot bud initiation and multiplication from nodal segments

Summary

Introduction

Don (Family: Apocynaceae), known as periwinkle, is an attractive, evergreen herb. It grows to approximately 100 cm in height and is native to Madagascar. Periwinkle is a source of commercial bioactive alkaloids, including vinblastine and vincristine, which have anti-cancer activities [1,2]. It contains several important bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins, flavonol. C. roseus blooms throughout the year with pink, purple, or white fragrant flowers, which have high ornamental value

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