Abstract
Context Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. (Lamiaceae), is known for its antifungal and antioxidant compounds, especially rosmarinic acid (RA). Objective The study examines the effect of elicitors on RA production and phytochemical properties of S. khuzistanica. Materials and methods In vitro plants were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In vivo plants were treated with MWCNTs and salicylic acid (SA). RA was measured by HPLC. Catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were quantified. DPPH and β-carotene were assayed in in vivo extracts. The antifungal effects of extracts were evaluated against Fusarium solani K (FsK). Results The highest RA contents of in vitro plants were 50 mg/L MeJA (140.99 mg/g DW) and 250 mg/L MWCNTs (140.49 mg/g DW). The highest in vivo were 24 h MWCNTs (7.13 mg/g DW) and 72 h SA (9.12 mg/g DW). The maximum POD and APX activities were at 100 mg/L MeJA (5 and 4 mg protein, respectively). CAT had the highest activities at 50 mg/L MeJA (2 mg protein). DPPH and β-carotene showed 50% and 80% inhibition, respectively. The FsK aggregation was the lowest for in vitro extract in number of conidia [1.82 × 1010], fresh weight (6.51 g) and dry weight (0.21 g) that proved RA inhibitory effects. The callus reduces FsK growth diameter to 2.75 on the 5th day. Discussion and conclusions Application of MeJA, SA, and MWCNTSs could increase RA in S. khuzistanica and highlighted potential characteristics in pharmaceutical and antifungal effects.
Highlights
Plants are important sources of medicinal components for drug development
The rosmarinic acid (RA) content was assessed in a nodal segment culture of S. khuzistanica under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) elicitors at 0, 50, 100 and 250 mg/L
The highest amount of RA was obtained in nodal segments culture treated with 50 mg/L MeJA (140.99 mg/g DW, Figure 2(A)) and 250 mg/L MWCNTs
Summary
Plants are important sources of medicinal components for drug development. Plant secondary metabolites are unique sources of pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavours, and other industrial uses (Rates 2001). The genus Satureja (Savoury) (Lamiaceae) comprises about 200 species worldwide (Momtaz and Abdollahi 2010). These are highly valuable medicinal plants, mainly distributed in the Middle East and Mediterranean regions. Fourteen species of this genus grow in northern, northwestern, western, southwestern, and central parts of Iran (Hadian et al 2011). Is a medicinal plant endemic to Iran (Ghorbanpour and Hadian 2015). The plants have traditionally been used in Iran for its antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory compounds (Hadian et al 2011)
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