Abstract
Melodinus is an important genus comprising of approximately 53 species of medicinal plants (Apocynaceae). Some species have been used in Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of meningitis in children, rheumatic heart diseases, and diuresis, as well as a decongestive against migraine and sinusitis. This paper is a review of the literature up to May 2015 and describes 263 compounds from 69 articles, and includes chemical constituents isolated from Melodinus , mainly indole alkaloids, quinoline alkaloids, dimeric alkaloids, terpenoids and other compounds. It is also hoped that an overview of their cytotoxic characteristics will further the development of new anti-cancer agents. Keywords: Melodinus , Indole alkaloids, Dimeric alkaloids, Cytotoxicity, Medicinal plants
Highlights
Melodinus is a genus of ca. 53 species in the family Apocynaceae, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia and from Oceania to the Pacific coast
Plants of the genus Melodinus (Apocynaceae) have been proven to be good sources of alkaloids. This genus has been regarded as a rich source of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, which originated from the condensation of tryptophan with secologanin
The group is exemplified by quebrachamine (74) and its derivatives (75-85) (Fig 5), which lack the C(7)-C(21) bond of aspidospermidine from M. australis, M. axillaries, M. fusiformis, M. morsei and M. suaveolens [16,18,28,37,44,45]
Summary
Melodinus is a genus of ca. 53 species in the family Apocynaceae, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia and from Oceania to the Pacific coast. By the deadline of MAY 2015, phytochemical studies on this genus led to the isolation of 263 compounds Their structures are shown below and their names, the corresponding plant sources are collected. Plants of the genus Melodinus (Apocynaceae) have been proven to be good sources of alkaloids. Indole alkaloids could be classified into ten groups from some Melodinus plants. This first type included nineteen alkaloids (1-19) (Table 1, Figure 1) [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35]. Melodinine Q (17) was venalstonine derivative with a CH3−CO−CH−unit [29]. 14, 15-Seco-3-oxokopsinal (16) originated a further oxidation of bond C (14)-C (15) of venalstonine was identified by comparison of their spectral and physical properties from M. guillauminii [14]. 10, 22 Dioxokopsane was a known alkaloids but was isolated obtained from this genus for the first time [35]
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