Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Citrus aurantium essential oil on hippocampal injury induced by transient global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rat. In total 50 rats were randomly assigned into five groups; control, sham, ischemia, and essential oil-treated (50 or 75 mg/kg) rats. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of the carotid artery for 30 min. Spatial memory, passive avoidance learning, anti-oxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation during ischemia/reperfusion were evaluated. The compounds of the essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Induction of ischemia/reperfusion caused a decline in learning and passive avoidance memory in rats. C. aurantium exerted protective effects on the spatial memory, passive avoidance learning, anti-oxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation during ischemia/reperfusion in animals. The main compounds of the essential oil were camphor (45.9%), thymol (11.2%), linalool (6.6%), carvacrol (6.3%) and borneol (2.9%). The essential oil with anti-oxidant compounds significantly decreased the symptoms of ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Highlights
Cerebral ischemia refers to reduction of brain blood supply which leads to reduced brain oxygen or cerebral hypoxia resulting in stroke or death of the brain tissue (Nussmeier, 2002)
Based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis, 46 compounds were identified in the C. aurantium essential oil comprising 98.9% of the whole compounds of the essential oil (Figure 1)
Intraperitoneal administration with 50 and 75 mg/kg of the essential oil caused a significant decrease in the latency to find the platform compared to the ischemia group (p
Summary
Cerebral ischemia refers to reduction of brain blood supply which leads to reduced brain oxygen or cerebral hypoxia resulting in stroke or death of the brain tissue (Nussmeier, 2002). Ischemia causes decline in transfer of oxygen and nutrients to tissues and dysfunction of the respective organs (Aazami, 2004). Decreased cell oxygen concentration causes decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In such condition, the cell uses anaerobic respiration to produce ATP for survival, which causes lactate accumulation and acidosis and cell death (Pham-Huy et al, 2008; Wells et al, 2010)
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