Phytochemical and Molecular Docking Studies on Indigenous Herbs Glycyrrhiza glabra, Terminalia chebula and Hamdard joshanda

Abstract

Background: Glycyrrhiza glabra, Terminalia chebula and Hamdard joshanda is used as a traditional home medicine in developing countries that is easily available for a lesser cost with no side effects. These medicine decoctions made record in pandemic that have found efficacious in Covid-19 patients with RTI in addition to Dengue and Malarial fever. Our study aimed to explore the qualitative as well as quantitative in potential traditional medicines such as Glycyrrhiza glabra, Terminalia chebula and Hamdard joshanda through phytochemical and GC-MS analytical technique were conducted for finding all the potential chemical constituents in these herbal medicines. Docking studies were carried out between Glycyrrhiza glabra, Terminalia chebula and Hamdard joshanda and receptors of the crystal structure of SARS coronavirus, Lung Cancer and Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins. Materials and Methods: The presence of various phytochemicals, total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined in Glycyrrhiza glabra, Terminalia chebula and Hamdard joshanda by standard procedure. Docking study was investigated using the crystal structure of SARS coronavirus protease for the modeling (PDB ID: 3SN8), Lung Cancer Protein for the modeling (PDB ID: 6JZ0) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein for the modeling (PDB ID: 4FDO). Results: GC-MS chromatogram showed 26, 18 and 23 peaks that revealed 26, 18 and 23 phytoconstituents present in Glycyrrhiza glabra, Terminalia chebula, and Hamdard joshanda respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents found in Glycyrrhiza glabra, Terminalia chebula, and Hamdard joshanda were 1.95, 1.88, 1.55, and 0.66, 0.56, 0.49 mg/ml, respectively. Docking studies were exhibited that moderate to higher efficacy against Covid-19, Tuberculosis and Lung cancer. However, several more in vivo and in vitro research needs to investigate their molecular system or any other significance of unused bioactive substance in these traditional medicines used for human relapse. Conclusion: These potential traditional medicines have been confirmed to be safe for human consumption and the present study would also suggest its direct consumption as well as for attaining the proven benefits.