Phytochemical and biotechnological studies on Schisandra chinensis cultivar Sadova No. 1\u2014a high utility medicinal plant

Agnieszka Szopa,Anna Maślanka,Agata Król,Adam Kokotkiewicz,Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz,Halina Ekiert,Maria Luczkiewicz

doi:10.1007/s00253-018-8981-x

Agnieszka Szopa, Anna Maślanka + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-8981-x

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Abstract

In the presented work, raw materials (fruits and leaves) and in vitro biomass of a highly productive Schisandra chinensis Sadova No. 1 cultivar (SchS) were evaluated for the production of therapeutically useful schisandra lignans (SL). In vitro cultures of SchS were initiated, followed by extensive optimization studies focused on maximizing secondary metabolite production, with the aim of establishing a sustainable source of SL. Different cultivation systems (agar, agitated, bioreactor), experiment times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days) and plant growth regulators (6-benzyladenine—BA and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid—NAA, from 0 to 3 mg/l) in Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium were tested. Moreover, an elicitation procedure was applied to bioreactor-grown microshoots in order to increase SL production. Validated HPLC-DAD protocol enabled to detect fourteen SL in the extracts from in vitro and in vivo materials. The main compounds in the in vitro cultures were as follows: schisandrin (max. 176.3 mg/100 g DW), angeloylgomisin Q (max. 85.1 mg/100 g DW), gomisin A (max. 71.4 mg/100 g DW) and angeloylgomisin H (max. 67.0 mg/100 g DW). The highest total SL content (490.3 mg/100 g DW) was obtained in extracts from the biomass of agar cultures cultivated for 30 days on the MS medium variant containing 3 mg/l BA and 1 mg/l NAA. This amount was 1.32 times lower than in fruit extracts (646.0 mg/100 g DW) and 2.04 times higher than in leaf extracts (240.7 mg/100 g DW). The study demonstrated that SchS is a rich source of SL, thus proving its value for medical, cosmetic and food industry.

Highlights

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.—the Chinese magnolia vine, or schisandra (Sch)—is a pharmacopoeial species of Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2018) 102:5105–5120 cosmetological properties are determined by the unique chemical composition of Sch
The main group of secondary metabolites which are unique to this species and responsible for its biological activities is dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, called ‘schisandra lignans’ (SL) (Opletal et al 2004)
The plant material for the study was a specimen of the parent plant—Schisandra chinensis Sadova No 1 (SchS) growing in a commercial nursery, Clematis—Źródło Dobrych Pnączy Spółka z o.o.—is a limited partnership company with its registered office in Pruszków

Summary

Introduction

The SchS cultivar entered the State Register of Plants in Ukraine in 1998 (Shaitan 2005). It was created from selected seeds of wild Sch specimens growing in Primorsk. As compared to original species, the Sadova cultivar is more productive and resistant to harsh climate events (Shaitan 2005). The fruits of SchS were shown to contain ascorbic acid, sugars and organic acids (Shaitan 2005), but there are no data on the levels of the main group of schisandra secondary metabolites, i.e. SL. Aims of the current study were formulated: firstly, to evaluate SL content in leaves and fruits of SchS, following to establish in vitro cultures of SchS for sustainable production of SL

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