Abstract
The main compounds in both extracts were gluconasturtiin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and rutoside, the amounts of which were, respectively, determined as 182.93, 58.86 and 23.24 mg/100 g dry weight (DW) in biomass extracts and 640.94, 23.47 and 7.20 mg/100 g DW in plant herb extracts. The antioxidant potential of all the studied extracts evaluated using CUPRAC (CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Activity), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma), and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays was comparable. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was tested based on the inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and phospholipase A2. The results demonstrate significantly higher inhibition of COX-2 for in vitro cultured biomass compared with the herb extracts (75.4 and 41.1%, respectively). Moreover, all the studied extracts showed almost similar antibacterial and antifungal potential. Based on these findings, and due to the fact that the growth of in vitro microshoots is independent of environmental conditions and unaffected by environmental pollution, we propose that biomass that can be rapidly grown in RITA® bioreactors can serve as an alternative source of bioactive compounds with valuable biological properties.
Highlights
Plant in vitro cultures are an important part of biotechnological studies, which aid in investigating the potential of obtained biomass to be used as a source of secondary metabolites obtained, for example, from rare and protected plant species
N. officinale microshoot cultures cultivated in temporary immersion system (TIS) RITA® bioreactors and evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potential of the culture extracts
The results were compared with those obtained for the herb of the N. officinale parent plant
Summary
Plant in vitro cultures are an important part of biotechnological studies, which aid in investigating the potential of obtained biomass to be used as a source of secondary metabolites obtained, for example, from rare and protected plant species. In order to scale up the biomass production and secondary metabolite production, the special bioreactors for plant propagation are applied in plant biotechnology [3]. TIS enables the cultivation of plant in vitro cultures in submerged and nonsubmerged cycles. In this system, in vitro cultures are maintained by immersing in liquid medium without mechanical stress and with good gas exchange [1,2,3]. Several plant in vitro cultures have been cultured in the TIS bioreactors for optimizing the production of secondary metabolites
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