Abstract
Himatanthus obovatus is a tree species that has laticifers in its aerial organs, where it is used in folk medicine. The aim of this work was to evaluate the latex of H. obovatus regarding its phytochemical composition and biological activities. The latex was collected and lyophilized, yield (%) was carried out, phytochemical prospection for several groups, determination of the content of flavonoids, phenolics and total tannins, antioxidant activity in reducing DPPH, antifungal activity on the Candida genus, antibacterial for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella serovar Enteritidis and Thyphymurium and Enterococcus faecalis, hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes and cytotoxicity bioassay on Artemia salina. The latex yield was 19.05%, positive presence of several groups of phytocompounds was observed, total flavonoid content of 78.80 mg QE 100 g-1, total phenolic compounds of 166.51 mg AGE g 100-1, total tannins of 14.81 mg TAE 100 g-1, antioxidant activity IC50 = 178.87 µg mL-1, antifungal activity for all Candida strains and antibacterial only for E. coli and E. faecalis, hemolytic activity between 68-18% and cytotoxicity with LC50 = 433.97 µg mL-1 on A. salina. The latex of Himatanthus obovatus demonstrated in this study, important phytochemical data and biological activities.
Highlights
Apocynaceae family has about 550 genera and between 3,700-5,100 species, where it presents a diversified size from arboreal, shrubby, herbs, vines to subshrubs (Soares et al, 2016)
The latex was collected and lyophilized, yield (%) was carried out, phytochemical prospection for several groups, determination of the content of flavonoids, phenolics and total tannins, antioxidant activity in reducing DPPH, antifungal activity on the Candida genus, antibacterial for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella serovar Enteritidis and Thyphymurium and Enterococcus faecalis, hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes and cytotoxicity bioassay on Artemia salina
Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, hemolytic saponins, condensed tannins, reducing sugars, organic acids, steroids and triterpenoids, proteins and amino acids, aliphatic compounds and diterpenes for the latex of aerial parts of H. obovatus (Tab. 1)
Summary
Apocynaceae family has about 550 genera and between 3,700-5,100 species, where it presents a diversified size from arboreal, shrubby, herbs, vines to subshrubs (Soares et al, 2016). Among the genera that make up the family is Himatanthus, which has high herbal potential (Spina, Bittrich, Kinoshita, 2013; Santos et al, 2021) This genus has thirteen species that are exclusively found inhabiting regions from Panama to countries that make up South America, with tropical and subtropical climate (Linhares; Pinheiros, 2013). In Brazil, the genus Himatanthus is well diversified in almost all biomes and Cerrado domain, with the Amazon region being the largest distribution center, with Himatanthus obovatus (Fig. 1) with wide territorial distribution (Menezes Filho et al, 2021). H. obovatus is a laticiferous species, popularly known as “janaguba, tiborna or pau-deleite”, has arboreal size between 4 and 5 m in height, and is found mainly in Cerrado domain environments, Amazon biome and Caatinga where it is well established inhabiting natural or anthropized areas (Linhares et al, 2013). Its distribution has already been presented in numerous studies covering the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Paraíba, Roraima, Maranhão, Pará, Piauí and Goiás (Santos et al, 2021; Menezes; Filho et al, 2021)
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