Phytochemical and Antioxidant Profile of Different Varieties of Grape from the Small Carpathians Wine Region of Slovakia

Abstract

The aims of the present study was to determine antioxidant profile (antioxidant activity, total polyphenol, phenolic acid, flavonoid and in red varieties also anthocyanin content) as well as a content of phytochemicals (crude protein, ash, reducing sugars and ascorbic acid content) in four red grape varieties (‘Alibernet’, ‘Dornfelder’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Blaufrankisch’) and nine white varieties (‘Sauvignon Blanc’, ‘Welschriesling’, ‘Weisser Riesling’, ‘Irsai Oliver’, ‘Pinot Blanc’, ‘Palava’, ‘Muller-Thurgau’, ‘Grűner Veltliner’, ‘Feteasca Regala’) produced in the Small Carpathians wine region of Slovakia. The antioxidant activity was the highest in ‘Alibernet’ tested by both methods (0.52 ± 0.02 and 23.61 ± 0.09 mg TEAC/g fresh matter; TEAC—Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity), and in ‘Pinot Blanc’ by DPPH and ‘Irsai Oliver’ by phosphomolybdenum methods (0.41 ± 0.01 and 21.55 ± 0.03 mg TEAC/g fresh matter). The highest content of total polyphenol was detected in ‘Alibernet’ and ‘Grűner Veltliner’ (3.53 ± 0.42 mg GAE/g and 1.06 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g; GAE—gallic acid equivalent), respectively. The highest total flavonoid content was found in ‘Alibernet’ and ‘Irsai Oliver’ (1.37 ± 0.01 mg QE/g and 0.35 ± 0.01 mg QE/g; QE—quercetin equivalent) and the highest total phenolic acid content in ‘Alibernet’ and ‘Grűner Veltliner’ samples (1.77 ± 0.03 mg CAE/g and 0.50 ± 0.01 mg CAE/g; CAE—caffeic acid equivalent). The highest level of total anthocyanin was determined in ‘Alibernet’ (5.79 ± 0.24 mg/g fresh matter) in comparison with other tested red varieties. The obtained results confirmed that the grape is a good source of phytochemicals.